Continuing miniaturization of electronic devices, together with the quickly growing number of nanotechnological applications, demands a profound understanding of the underlying physics. Most of the fundamental problems of modern condensed matter physics involve various aspects of quantum transport and fluctuation phenomena at the nanoscale. In nanostructures, electrons are usually confined to a limited volume and interact with each other and lattice ions, simultaneously suffering multiple scattering events on impurities, barriers, surface imperfections, and other defects. Electron interaction with other degrees of freedom generally yields two major consequences, quantum dissipation and quantum decoherence. In other words, electrons can lose their energy and ability for quantum interference even at very low temperatures. These two different, but related, processes are at the heart of all quantum phenomena discussed in this book. This book presents copious details to facilitate the understanding of the basic physics behind a result and the learning to technically reproduce the result without delving into extra literature. The book subtly balances the description of theoretical methods and techniques and the display of the rich landscape of the physical phenomena that can be accessed by these methods. It is useful for a broad readership ranging from master’s and PhD students to postdocs and senior researchers.

This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date description of the Josephson effect, a topic of never-ending interest in both fundamental and applied physics. In this volume, world-renowned experts present the unique aspects of the physics of the Josephson effect, resulting from the use of new materials, of hybrid architectures and from the possibility of realizing nanoscale junctions. These new experimental capabilities lead to systems where novel coherent phenomena and transport processes emerge. All this is of great relevance and impact, especially when combined with the didactic approach of the book. The reader will benefit from a general and modern view of coherent phenomena in weakly-coupled superconductors on a macroscopic scale. Topics that have been only recently discussed in specialized papers and in short reviews are described here for the first time and organized in a general framework. An important section of the book is also devoted to applications, with focus on long-term, future applications. In addition to a significant number of illustrations, the book includes numerous tables for comparative studies on technical aspects.

Quantum transport is a diverse field, sometimes combining seemingly contradicting concepts - quantum and classical, conduction and insulating - within a single nanodevice. Quantum transport is an essential and challenging part of nanoscience, and understanding its concepts and methods is vital to the successful fabrication of devices at the nanoscale. This textbook is a comprehensive introduction to the rapidly developing field of quantum transport. The authors present the comprehensive theoretical background, and explore the groundbreaking experiments that laid the foundations of the field. Ideal for graduate students, each section contains control questions and exercises to check readers' understanding of the topics covered. Its broad scope and in-depth analysis of selected topics will appeal to researchers and professionals working in nanoscience.

The second volume of this book series presents a foundation for describing electron-field interactions, the basic elements involved in open quantum theory, the dissipative couplings of the active elements, the quantum injection dot electrons and coherent electromagnetic fields produced by crystal lattice vibrations. A microscopic description of the systems of interest is used to explain a number of structural models that describe electron arrangement and mechanics in such systems. The explanation of these models depends on a number of numerical parameters and calculations which have been explicitly discussed in detail. Readers will gain a better understanding of open quantum systems and energy conversion in semiconductor devices. Theoretical calculations presented in this book can also be compared with experimental data from prior experiments. The volume is also supplemented by an adequate bibliography which provides useful references. This book is a handy text on advanced quantum theory for advanced physics and electronics students and researchers.

Nanostructure Physics and Fabrication contains the contributions of an interdisciplinary group of specialists in nanometer scale fabrication, physics of mesoscopic systems, electronic transport, and materials science brought together to discuss the current status of nanometer scale electronic structures. These articles provide the most current assessment of this active and growing area of interest. The introductory chapter provides comments and background material for those somewhat unfamiliar with this new area of research and serves as a condensed overview and summary of the contributions that follow. - Most current assessment of the field - Articles by experts in the field - Results presented here will impact the future of microelectronics

Semiconductor quantum optics is on the verge of moving from the lab to real world applications. When stepping from basic research to new technologies, device engineers will need new simulation tools for the design and optimization of quantum light sources, which combine classical device physics with cavity quantum electrodynamics. This thesis aims to provide a holistic description of single-photon emitting diodes by bridging the gap between microscopic and macroscopic modeling approaches. The central result is a novel hybrid quantum-classical model system that self-consistently couples semi-classical carrier transport theory with open quantum many-body systems. This allows for a comprehensive description of quantum light emitting diodes on multiple scales: It enables the calculation of the quantum optical figures of merit together with the simulation of the spatially resolved current flow in complex, multi-dimensional semiconductor device geometries out of one box. The hybrid system is shown to be consistent with fundamental laws of (non-)equilibrium thermodynamics and is demonstrated by numerical simulations of realistic devices.

This book highlights some of the latest advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials from leading researchers in Ukraine, Europe and beyond. It features contributions presented at the 8th International Science and Practice Conference Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials (NANO2020), which was held on August 25–28, 2021 at Lviv Polytechnic National University, and was jointly organized by the Institute of Physics, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv Polytechnic National University, University of Tartu (Estonia), University of Turin (Italy), Pierre and Marie Curie University (France), European Profiles S.A. (Greece), Representation of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kyiv, University of Angers (France), Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (Germany). Internationally recognized experts from a wide range of universities and research institutions share their knowledge and key findings on material properties, behavior, and synthesis. This book’s companion volume also addresses topics such as nano-optics, energy storage, and biomedical applications.

This book examines some of the charge carrier transport issues encountered in the field of modern semiconductor devices and novel materials. Theoretical approaches to the understanding and modeling of the relevant physical phenomena, seen in devices that have very small spatial dimensions and that operate under high electric field strength, are described in papers written by leading experts and pioneers in this field. In addition, the book examines the transport physics encountered in novel materials such as wide band gap semiconductors (GaN, SiC, etc.) as well as organic semiconductors. Topics in High Field Transport in Semiconductors provides a comprehensive overview that will be beneficial to newcomers as well as engineers and researchers engaged in this exciting field.

This book presents the conceptual framework underlying the atomistic theory of matter, emphasizing those aspects that relate to current flow. This includes some of the most advanced concepts of non-equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics. No prior acquaintance with quantum mechanics is assumed. Chapter 1 provides a description of quantum transport in elementary terms accessible to a beginner. The book then works its way from hydrogen to nanostructures, with extensive coverage of current flow. The final chapter summarizes the equations for quantum transport with illustrative examples showing how conductors evolve from the atomic to the ohmic regime as they get larger. Many numerical examples are used to provide concrete illustrations and the corresponding Matlab codes can be downloaded from the web. Videostreamed lectures, keyed to specific sections of the book, are also available through the web. This book is primarily aimed at senior and graduate students.