This book highlights the multiple ways that digital technologies are being used in everyday contexts at home and school, in communities, and across diverse activities, from play to web searching, to talking to family members who are far away. The book helps readers understand the diverse practices employed as children make connections with digital technologies in their everyday experiences. In addition, the book employs a framework that helps readers easily access major themes at a glance, and also showcases the diversity of ideas and theorisations that underpin the respective chapters. In this way, each chapter stands alone in making a specific contribution and, at the same time, makes explicit its connections to the broader themes of digital technologies in children’s everyday lives. The concept of digital childhood presented here goes beyond a sociological reading of the everyday lives of children and their families, and reflects the various contexts in which children engage, such as preschools and childcare centres.

Digital technologies hold immense potential to transform the field of rehabilitation and enable greater community participation for individuals with disabilities. In the Handbook of Research on Advances in Digital Technologies to Promote Rehabilitation and Community Participation, a comprehensive exploration of these cutting-edge technologies and their impact is presented, and it delves into various digital solutions, such as virtual reality, tele-rehabilitation, mobile apps, rehabilitation platforms, and more. The book sheds light on the applications to promote rehabilitation and enhance community involvement. It provides a profound understanding of how these technologies can facilitate remote rehabilitation, foster self-management of illnesses, support independent living, and enhance communication and social participation. Furthermore, it emphasizes the accessibility of information and resources that digital technologies provide, unlocking new possibilities for individuals with disabilities. However, this research goes beyond mere exploration and also examines the challenges and opportunities associated with these digital advancements. The ethical considerations that arise in the utilization of these technologies are addressed, emphasizing the need for responsible and considerate implementation.

The fourth edition of the foundational, widely adopted AAC textbook Augmentative and Alternative Communication is the definitive introduction to AAC processes, interventions, and technologies that help people best meet their daily communication needs. Future teachers, SLPs, OTs, PTs, and other professionals will prepare for their work in the field with critical new information on advancing literacy skills; conducting effective, culturally appropriate assessment and intervention; selecting AAC vocabulary tailored to individual needs; using new consumer technologies as affordable, nonstigmatizing communication devices; promoting social competence supporting language learning and development; providing effective support to beginning communicators; planning inclusive education services for students with complex communication needs; and improving the communication of people with specific developmental disabilities and acquired disabilities. An essential core text for tomorrow's professionals--and a key reference for in-service practitioners--this fourth edition prepares readers to support the communicative competence of children and adults with a wide range of complex needs.

This collection is the first of its kind to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the caseloads and clinical practice of speech-language pathologists. The volume synthesises existing data on the wide-ranging effects of COVID-19 on the communication, swallowing, and language skills of individuals with COVID infection. Featuring perspectives of scholars and practitioners from around the globe, the book examines the ways in which clinicians have had to modify their working practices to prioritise patient and clinician safety, including the significant increase in the use of telepractice during the pandemic. The volume also reflects on changes in training and education which have seen educators in the field redesign their clinical practicum in order to best prepare students for professional practice in an age of COVID-19 and beyond, as the field continues to grapple with the long-term effects of the pandemic. Offering a holistic treatment of the impact of COVID-19 on the work of speech-language pathologists, this book will be of interest to students, researchers, and clinicians working in the discipline. Chapters 5, 6, 10, and 13 of this book are freely available as downloadable Open Access PDFs under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com

There are many reasons to be curious about the way people learn, and the past several decades have seen an explosion of research that has important implications for individual learning, schooling, workforce training, and policy. In 2000, How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition was published and its influence has been wide and deep. The report summarized insights on the nature of learning in school-aged children; described principles for the design of effective learning environments; and provided examples of how that could be implemented in the classroom. Since then, researchers have continued to investigate the nature of learning and have generated new findings related to the neurological processes involved in learning, individual and cultural variability related to learning, and educational technologies. In addition to expanding scientific understanding of the mechanisms of learning and how the brain adapts throughout the lifespan, there have been important discoveries about influences on learning, particularly sociocultural factors and the structure of learning environments. How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures provides a much-needed update incorporating insights gained from this research over the past decade. The book expands on the foundation laid out in the 2000 report and takes an in-depth look at the constellation of influences that affect individual learning. How People Learn II will become an indispensable resource to understand learning throughout the lifespan for educators of students and adults.

Discussions surrounding inclusivity have grown exponentially in recent years. In today’s world where diversity, equity, and inclusion are the hot topics in all aspects of society, it is more important than ever to define what it means to be an inclusive society, as well as challenges and potential growth. Those with physical and intellectual disabilities, including vision and hearing impairment, Down syndrome, locomotor disability, and more continue to face challenges of accessibility in their daily lives, especially when facing an increasingly digitalized society. It is crucial that research is brought up to date on the latest assistive technologies, educational practices, work assistance, and online support that can be provided to those classified with a disability. The Research Anthology on Physical and Intellectual Disabilities in an Inclusive Society provides a comprehensive guide of a range of topics relating to myriad aspects, difficulties, and opportunities of becoming a more inclusive society toward those with physical or intellectual disabilities. Covering everything from disabilities in education, sports, marriages, and more, it is essential for psychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, psychiatric nurses, clinicians, special education teachers, social workers, hospital administrators, mental health specialists, managers, academicians, rehabilitation centers, researchers, and students who wish to learn more about what it means to be an inclusive society and best practices in order to get there.

Background: Internet use is an integral part of everyday life in contemporary society, especially among young people. It is used to perform activities in everyday life by an increasing proportion of the population. However, knowledge about access to and use of the internet by adolescents and young adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) is scarce. More knowledge is needed about digital competencies and digital participation in their everyday lives. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to explore and describe internet access and use, and digital participation in everyday life among adolescents and young adults with intellectual disabilities. Designs and Methods: The thesis is based on results from three studies. In study I, the focus was on access to and use of the internet in the everyday settings of school/work, at home or during free time. Data was collected through observations, conversations, and follow-up interviews with 15 participants with ID, aged 13–24 years. The data was analysed using qualitative content analysis. In studies II and III, the design was cross-sectional and comparative, using national surveys on media and internet use from the Swedish Media Council, from which comparative data from reference groups could be gained. In study II, the national survey of adolescents on internet access and use was cognitively adapted for adolescents with intellectual disabilities, aged 13–20 years, in several steps. This made it accessible to a total selection of pupils from all the special schools in four diverse municipalities in two different regions of Sweden. In study III, the national survey of parents about opportunities and risks of internet use by their adolescents was used. The surveys were sent to a sample of n=318 adolescents with ID and their caregivers/parents. The responses were higher for the adolescents (n=114) than for the parents (n=99), and the response rate of the adolescents with ID was equivalent as that of the reference group, at 36% and 38% respectively. In study II, chi-square tests were used and, when necessary, Fisher’s exact test to analyse the data. In study III, analyses were carried out using Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression to control for confounding factors. Results: This thesis show that access to internet-enabled devices is lower for adolescents with ID than for the general population, except for tablets (study II). All internet activities, except playing games, are performed by fewer adolescents with ID compared to the reference group (study II) and the time spent on the internet activities is less (study III). Both environmental challenges and personal abilities present difficulties in internet access and use (study I) and affect digital participation for adolescents and young adults with ID. Furthermore, a significantly higher proportion of parents of adolescents with ID perceive opportunities associated with internet use and playing games, and a lower proportion perceive risks with negative consequences, or have concerns about online risks, compared with the reference group (study III). Significantly more parents of adolescents with ID state that their adolescent never uses smartphones or social media compared with the reference group. Strategies used to handle the digital environment and take part in internet activities were found and described, such as getting support from others, reducing the number of internet-enabled devices used and personalising them. Gaining access to internet content and performing internet activities was facilitated by picture-, word- and voice-based strategies, which were used by adolescents and young adults with both mild and moderate ID (study I). Conclusions: The conclusions are that the results show a lag in internet access and use and in digital participation by adolescents and young adults with ID. Adolescents and young adults with ID were accessing and using the internet in similar ways to the reference group, but to a lesser extent. The impact of the participants’ environment, together with their lack of certain abilities, make the development of digital competencies difficult for them. The result that parents of adolescents with ID perceive more opportunities and fewer risks associated with the internet provides new knowledge to support positive risk-taking in internet use and enable digital participation by adolescents and young adults with ID. Support can be developed in collaboration between the adolescent/young adult, their parents and teachers, and staff in community-based services and should involve physical, social and digital environmental adaptations. These can enable the development of digital competencies and minimise the lag in digital participation in everyday life, which is needed for participation in today’s digitalised society. Bakgrund till avhandlingen: Internetanvändning är en integrerad del av vardagen i dagens samhälle, särskilt bland ungdomar. Internet används för att utföra en mängd aktiviteter i vardagen av alltfler personer. Dock är kunskapen om tillgång till, samt användning av internet i vardagliga aktiviteter för ungdomar med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF) bristfällig. Ökad kunskap behövs om digitala kompetenser och digital delaktighet i vardagen för ungdomar och unga vuxna med IF. Syftet med avhandlingen: Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling var att utforska och beskriva tillgång till och användning av internet och digital delaktighet i vardagen bland ungdomar och unga vuxna med IF. Hur studierna genomfördes: Avhandlingen bygger på resultat från tre delstudier. I studie I samlades data in via observationer av och uppföljande intervjuer med 15 deltagare med IF, i åldern 13–24 år. Fokus låg på tillgång till och användning av internet i deras vardagliga miljöer: skola/arbete, hemma eller på fritiden. Data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. I studie II och III var designen jämförande tvärsnittsstudier. Nationella enkäter från Statens Medieråd om medie- och internetanvändning användes där jämförande data från referensgrupper kunde erhållas. I studie II gjordes kognitiva anpassningar av den nationella enkäten om medie- och internetanvändning i flera steg för målgruppen ungdomar med IF i åldern 13–20 år. Anpassningen till en lättläst version av enkäten, med bildstöd för de som behövde det, gjorde den möjlig att skicka till ett totalurval av elever från alla särskolor i fyra olika kommuner i två olika regioner i Sverige. I studie III användes den nationella enkäten till föräldrar om möjligheter och risker med internet- och medieanvändning för deras ungdomar. Enkäterna skickades till ett urval av n = 318 ungdomar med IF och deras vårdgivare/förälder. Antalet svar var fler från ungdomarna (n = 114) jämfört med föräldrarna (n = 99), och svarsfrekvensen för ungdomar med IF var i paritet med referensgruppens, med 36% för ungdomar med IF, jämfört med 38% i referensgruppen. I studie II användes chi-två tester och vid behov Fisher’s exakta test, för analys av data. I studie III genomfördes analyser med Fisher’s exakta test och logistisk regression för att kontrollera för confounding faktorer dvs övriga faktorer som kan påverka. Resultaten som framkom i studierna: Resultaten av studierna visar att tillgången till enheter för internetanvändning är lägre för ungdomar med IF än för ungdomar generellt, med undantag för surfplattor (studie II). Alla internet-aktiviteter, utom att spela spel, utförs av en lägre andel ungdomar med IF jämfört med referensgruppen (studie II) och tiden som spenderas på internet-aktiviteterna är lägre för ungdomar med IF (studie III). Utmaningar i den omgivande miljön, såväl som personliga förmågor leder till svårigheter med internetuppkoppling och internetanvändning (studie I), och påverkar digital delaktighet för ungdomarna och de unga vuxna med IF. Möjligheter och risker med att använda internet visade att en signifikant högre andel föräldrar till ungdomar med IF uppfattar möjligheter förknippade med internetanvändning och att spela spel, och en lägre andel upplever risker med negativa konsekvenser, eller oroar sig för risker med internet jämfört med referensgruppen (studie III). Signifikant fler föräldrar till ungdomar med IF uppfattar dock att deras ungdomar aldrig använder smartphones och sociala medier jämfört med referensgruppen. Strategier, som ungdomar och unga vuxna med både lindrig och måttlig IF använder för att hantera den digitala miljön och delta i internet aktiviteter identifierades (studie I). Strategierna innebär; att få stöd från andra; att minska andelen enheter som används för internetanvändning och att främsta använda enheter som är utformade för/av person; samt att använda stödstrategier som är baserade på ord- bild- och röststöd för att kunna utföra internet-aktiviteter. Kunskapen som avhandlingen har bidragit med: Sammantaget visar resultaten en eftersläpning i tillgång till och användning av internet, liksom i digital delaktighet för ungdomar och unga vuxna med IF. Även om deltagarna har tillgång till och använder internet, är det i lägre utsträckning än referensgruppen. Faktorer i miljön tillsammans med deltagarnas personliga förmågor gör utvecklingen av digital kompetens svår för deltagarna. Resultatet att fler föräldrar till ungdomar med IF uppfattar möjligheter och färre uppfattar risker med internet är ny kunskap som kan stödja positivt risktagande i internetanvändning och möjliggöra digital delaktighet för ungdomar med IF. Stöd kan utvecklas i samarbete mellan ungdomar, deras föräldrar och personal, i både skola och kommunal omsorgsverksamhet, och involvera anpassningar av såväl fysisk, som social och digital miljö för utveckling av digitala kompetenser. Genom detta kan eftersläpningen i digital delaktighet i vardagen minimeras, vilket krävs för delaktighet i dagens digitaliserade samhälle

Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Engagement and Participationreexamines the basic components of human communication based on the development of meaning between two people and provides a new theoretical framework for integrating the use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) strategies into interpersonal interactions. As such, it is an indispensable resource for speech-language pathologists, special education practitioners, and researchers in AAC, as well as for instructors and graduate students in the fields of speech and hearing sciences and special education. The book employs a creative synthesis of engagement (personal involvement) and participation (exchanges) to describe meaning-making and social closeness between partners. This process allows for the acknowledgment of different levels of shared meaning and outlines a novel approach to assessment and intervention. The book also describes the importance of integrating relational (interaction-oriented) as well as instrumental (goal-oriented) communication functions as essential in maintaining on-going relationships. Most resources in AAC tend to emphasize strategies for enhancing participation, rather than strategies associated with the development of engagement ("being with") to enhance communication between communication partners. In contrast, this text uses interactions between users of AAC and their communication partners as a basis to explore the creative synthesis between engagement and participation to provide clinical guidelines for assessment and intervention in both interpersonal and classroom contexts. Key features: A novel theoretical approach focused on engagement and participation as core components in AAC interventionEmphasis on empathic listening skills of both communication partner and user of AAC strategies to facilitate engagement (emotional resonance) between themGuidance for teachers on the benefits of a meaning-based approach to communication in the classroomApplication of empathic listening strategies to people with dementia to address an increasing need for care of patients with Alzheimer disease by caregivers and family membersIntegration of social media and face-to-face interactions as central to developing relationships in AAC interactions

Many children and adults experience impairment of their communication skills. These communication disorders impact adversely on all aspects of these individuals' lives. In thirty dedicated chapters, The Cambridge Handbook of Communication Disorders examines the full range of developmental and acquired communication disorders and provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive guide to the epidemiology, aetiology and clinical features of these disorders. The volume also examines how these disorders are assessed and treated by speech and language therapists and addresses recent theoretical developments in the field. The handbook goes beyond well-known communication disorders to include populations such as children with emotional disturbance, adults with non-Alzheimer dementias and people with personality disorders. Each chapter describes in accessible terms the most recent thinking and research in communication disorders. The volume is an ideal guide for academic researchers, graduate students and professionals in speech and language therapy.