This open access book provides information how to choose and collect the appropriate metrics for a software project in an organization. There are several kinds of metrics, based on the analysis of source code and developed for different programming paradigms such as structured programming and object-oriented programming (OOP). This way, the book follows three main objectives: (i) to identify existing and easily-collectible measures, if possible in the early phases of software development, for predicting and modeling both the traditional attributes of software systems and attributes specifically related to their efficient use of resources, and to create new metrics for such purposes; (ii) to describe ways to collect these measures during the entire lifecycle of a system, using minimally-invasive monitoring of design-time processes, and consolidate them into conceptual frameworks able to support model building by using a variety of approaches, including statistics, data mining and computational intelligence; and (iii) to present models and tools to support design time evolution of systems based on design-time measures and to empirically validate them. The book provides researchers and advanced professionals with methods for understanding the full implications of alternative choices and their relative attractiveness in terms of enhancing system resilience. It also explores the simultaneous use of multiple models that reflect different system interpretations or stakeholder perspectives.

This book focuses on software sustainability, regarded in terms of how software is or can be developed while taking into consideration environmental, social, and economic dimensions. The sixteen chapters cover various related issues ranging from technical aspects like energy-efficient programming techniques, formal proposals related to energy efficiency measurement, patterns to build energy-efficient software, the role of developers on energy efficient software systems and tools for detecting and refactoring code smells/energy bugs; to human aspects like its impact on software sustainability or the adaptation of ACM/IEEE guidelines for student and professional education and; and an economics-driven architectural evaluation for sustainability. Also aspects as the elements of governance and management that organizations should consider when implementing, assessing and improving Green IT or the relationship between software sustainability and the Corporate Social Responsibility of software companies are included. The chapters are complemented by usage scenarios and experience reports on several domains as cloud applications, agile development or e-Health, among others. As a whole, the chapters provide a complete overview of the various issues related to sustainable software development. The target readership for this book includes CxOs, (e.g. Chief Information Officers, Chief Executive Officers, Chief Technology Officers, etc.) software developers, software managers, auditors, business owners, and quality professionals. It is also intended for students of software engineering and information systems, and software researchers who want to know the state of the art regarding software sustainability.

This is the first book that presents a comprehensive overview of sustainability aspects in software engineering. Its format follows the structure of the SWEBOK and covers the key areas involved in the incorporation of green aspects in software engineering, encompassing topics from requirement elicitation to quality assurance and maintenance, while also considering professional practices and economic aspects. The book consists of thirteen chapters, which are structured in five parts. First the “Introduction” gives an overview of the primary general concepts related to Green IT, discussing what Green in Software Engineering is and how it differs from Green by Software Engineering. Next “Environments, Processes and Construction” presents green software development environments, green software engineering processes and green software construction in general. The third part, “Economic and Other Qualities,” details models for measuring how well software supports green software engineering techniques and for performing trade-off analyses between alternative green practices from an economic perspective. “Software Development Process” then details techniques for incorporating green aspects at various stages of software development, including requirements engineering, design, testing, and maintenance. In closing, “Practical Issues” addresses the repercussions of green software engineering on decision-making, stakeholder participation and innovation management. The audience for this book includes software engineering researchers in academia and industry seeking to understand the challenges and impact of green aspects in software engineering, as well as practitioners interested in learning about the state of the art in Green in Software Engineering.

"This book focuses on information technology using sustainable green computing to reduce energy and resources used"--Provided by publisher.

This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems and 8th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, SMARTGREENS 2022 and VEHITS 2022 was held Virtually on April 27–29, 2022. The 7 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 80 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows:​smart cities and green ICT systems and vehicle technology and intelligent transport systems.

This book constitutes the revised selected papers of the 8th Summer School, CEFP 2019, held in Budapest, Hungary, during June 2019. The 7 full papers and the 4 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected. The lectures cover various programming subjects with a focus on composability, comprehensibility, and correctness of working software.

The book Green, Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Networks provides insights and solutions for a range of problems in the field of obtaining greener, energy-efficient, and sustainable networks. The book contains the outcomes of the Special Issue on “Green, Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Networks” of the Sensors journal. Seventeen high-quality papers published in the Special Issue have been collected and reproduced in this book, demonstrating significant achievements in the field. Among the published papers, one paper is an editorial and one is a review, while the remaining 15 works are research articles. The published papers are self-contained peer-reviewed scientific works that are authored by more than 75 different contributors with both academic and industry backgrounds. The editorial paper gives an introduction to the problem of information and communication technology (ICT) energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, presenting the state of the art and future trends in terms of improving the energy-efficiency of wireless networks and data centers, as the major energy consumers in the ICT sector. In addition, the published articles aim to improve energy efficiency in the fields of software-defined networking, Internet of things, machine learning, authentication, energy harvesting, wireless relay systems, routing metrics, wireless sensor networks, device-to-device communications, heterogeneous wireless networks, and image sensing. The last paper is a review that gives a detailed overview of energy-efficiency improvements and methods for the implementation of fifth-generation networks and beyond. This book can serve as a source of information in industrial, teaching, and/or research and development activities. The book is a valuable source of information, since it presents recent advances in different fields related to greening and improving the energy-efficiency and sustainability of those ICTs particularly addressed in this book

Convergence Strategies for Green Computing and Sustainable Development presents a comprehensive exploration of the potential of emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), fog computing, and cloud computing, to aid in fostering a sustainable future. It examines how these technologies can reduce the impact of unsustainability in societies, the environment, and natural resources, offering invaluable insights into harnessing their power for positive change. Convergence Strategies for Green Computing and Sustainable Development serves as a comprehensive strategy that holistically understands, transforms, and develops technological systems in society. This book caters to a diverse range of readers, including graduate students, researchers, working professionals seeking knowledge, and industry experts seeking information about new trends. With its recommended topics and comprehensive table of contents, readers can gain in-depth knowledge about sustainable cloud computing, artificial intelligence and machine learning for sustainable development, sustainable wireless systems and networks, and the crucial role of green IoT and Edge-AI in driving a sustainable digital transition.

The rapid evolution of software engineering demands innovative approaches to meet the growing complexity and scale of modern software systems. Traditional methods often need help to keep pace with the demands for efficiency, reliability, and scalability. Manual development, testing, and maintenance processes are time-consuming and error-prone, leading to delays and increased costs. Additionally, integrating new technologies, such as AI, ML, Federated Learning, and Large Language Models (LLM), presents unique challenges in terms of implementation and ethical considerations. Advancing Software Engineering Through AI, Federated Learning, and Large Language Models provides a compelling solution by comprehensively exploring how AI, ML, Federated Learning, and LLM intersect with software engineering. By presenting real-world case studies, practical examples, and implementation guidelines, the book ensures that readers can readily apply these concepts in their software engineering projects. Researchers, academicians, practitioners, industrialists, and students will benefit from the interdisciplinary insights provided by experts in AI, ML, software engineering, and ethics.