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International Arbitration Law Library, Volume 65 International commercial arbitration is by no means free from bribery and corruption. Although a plethora of legal scholarship clearly affirms this contention, a thorough study on the particularly important question of the authority and duty of international commercial arbitrators to investigate a suspicion or indication of bribery or corruption sua sponte ¬– that is, on their own initiative – has been surprisingly lacking. This important book fills this gap, inter alia, by locating sua sponte authority in the position of arbitral tribunals in establishing the facts of a case and ascertaining and applying the applicable normative standards. In addition to providing a comprehensive examination of how the issue of bribery and corruption is dealt with in contemporary international commercial arbitration, the book also highlights the role of arbitrators in global efforts to combat transnational commercial bribery and corruption. Among others, the following critical issues are thoroughly investigated: arbitrability of issues of public interests; intermediary contracts; role of arbitrators in the fact-finding process; party autonomy versus overriding mandatory rules; iura novit curia in international commercial arbitration in the context of bribery and corruption; notion of transnational (or ‘truly international’) public policy; arbitrators’ duty to act as guardians of international commerce; investigative tools available to arbitrators; dealing with manifestly recalcitrant parties; possible consequences of violating the obligation to sua sponte investigate; and the view from developing countries. The analysis leans primarily on Swiss law, as Switzerland is one of the most important jurisdictions in international commercial arbitration; Switzerland has also been involved in some of the most famous and controversial arbitration cases wherein bribery and corruption became an issue. However, the study also includes a comparative analysis of the relevant laws, jurisprudence, and doctrine of other major arbitration venues, particularly England, France, and Germany. Not only in the light it sheds on how and whether international commercial arbitrators have hitherto justified the trust States have placed in them regarding the protection of the public interests but also in the practical solutions it offers arbitrators faced with issues of bribery and corruption, this deeply researched book equips arbitration practitioners and arbitration institutions with a hitherto lacking in-depth analysis on the question of sua sponte investigation. It also provides invaluable insights on how this issue might affect the future, legitimacy and expansion of this dispute settlement mechanism. Outside the field of arbitration, the book also provides jurists, legal scholars, in-house counsel for companies doing transnational business and public officials with highly enlightening perspectives on the interaction between international commercial arbitration and public interests.

As of 17 December 2010, the Rome I Regulation (EU Regulation 593/2008) on the law applicable to contractual obligations is directly applicable in all EU Member States with the exception of Denmark. The Rome I Regulation replaces the Rome Convention of 1980 in the EU Member States and will apply to all contracts concluded as of 17 December 2010. However, and herein lies the utility and great importance of this work, the Rome Convention and the Rome I Regulation will be applied in parallel for a significant time to come (the author himself anticipates a ten-to-fifteen year period); in the latter case to contracts made after 17 December, 2010. This is why this commentary takes into account both sources of law, in their mutual interaction and broader context. The comprehensiveness of the Rome Convention / Rome I Regulation is clearly apparent, but one of the great achievements of the author is his amassing of over 1,800 judicial decisions, most of which are furnished with a detailed commentary; where these decisions apply national laws, the latter are cited both in the original and in translation. For a number of rulings, the commentary include not only a case summary of the facts and an analysis of the conclusions drawn by the court, but also takes them as models to hypothesize what conclusions would be reached if the Rome I Regulation were to be applied.

This title was first published in 2003. The Baltic Sea region offers exceptionally rich material for the discussion of civil society. This is because it has witnessed the erosion of communist regimes, the crisis of the welfare state, the increasing importance of new social movements and the shift from a centralist paradigm to one oriented towards networks. This engaging book focuses on the phenomena and prospects for civil society in north-eastern Europe which have had a major impact on political and scholarly debates since 1989. Nineteen experts from the region provide a comprehensive and comparative account of the history, the present state and the perspectives of civil society in the Baltic Sea area. The reader will learn that civil society should not only be seen in opposition to the state and that it has a major impact on current developments of European integration.

Recoge : I. The relations between fundamental rights and private law against the background of the public/private divide. -- II. The protection of the weaker party against risky financial transactions by means of fundamental rights. Synthesis and assessment.

Published in 1997, an edited collection of essays by a group of international public interest scholars and activists that examines the role and function of the law school in developing, transmitting and understanding the use of law to bring about social change to the advantage of subordinated people. The book traces this influence from the early days of the law school and its induction of legal principles and client responsibilities, through training for practices in a variety of settings, including teaching, social action research, client empowerment programs, to the outer limits of law school in community legal education and awareness. An important and pioneering series of international case studies.

English summary: After the socialist systems had collapsed, the Baltic Sea states moved closer together, and all problems observed in Europe which followed the collapse of Communism can be found in the Baltic Sea area. The institutions of this area are particularly important for an integration process which has to take place before these countries become members of the E.U. and also for their role in improving relations with Russia. In this book, the authors discuss various aspects of the law as a means of integration in the Baltic Sea area. They deal with questions surrounding the transformation of post-socialist legal systems, the integration of Poland and the Baltic states into the E.U., the economic and historical aspects of trade in the Baltic Sea area as well as aspects of conflict of laws and harmonization of laws in the Baltic Sea area. German description: Nach dem Zusammenbruch der sozialistischen Systeme ruckten die Staaten des Ostseeraums enger zusammen. Alle Aspekte und Probleme, die dem Zusammenbruch des Kommunismus folgen, werden in ganz Europa und auch im Ostseeraum beobachtet. Vor allem die speziellen Institutionen der Ostseeregion spielen sowohl im voranschreitenden Integrationsprozess wahrend der Phase vor einem EU-Beitritt als auch bei der Verbesserung der Beziehungen zu Russland eine bedeutende Rolle. Dabei ist das Recht ein wichtiges Integrationsinstrument. In diesem Band diskutieren internationale Wissenschaftler verschiedene Aspekte des Rechts als Integrationsinstrument im Ostseeraum. Dabei werden Fragen der Transformation post-sozialistischer Rechtssysteme, die EU-Integration von Polen und den baltischen Staaten, historische und okonomische Aspekte des Handels im Ostseeraum, Aspekte des internationalen Privatrechts und der Rechtsharmonisierung im Ostseeraum erortert.