This book examines existing problems in the European economy, focusing on labour markets, including labour market reform and outsourcing, as well as macroeconomic issues, such as macroeconomic stabilization in the Euro area and convergence and divergence in economic growth in the EU.

This book examines existing problems in the European economy, focusing on labour markets, including labour market reform and outsourcing, as well as macroeconomic issues, such as macroeconomic stabilization in the Euro area and convergence and divergence in economic growth in the EU.

This book outlines the content of the main treaties that form the 'constitutional' basis of the European Union and analyses changes in these over time. The EU has expanded its policy scope and taken in many more members transferring powers to common supranational institutions in a way seen nowhere else in the world.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the proposals on the European Design Regulation and Directive. It also examines the impact of the EU legislation on the regimes of the UK, France, Benelux, Germany and Italy, the key industrial jurisdictions in the Union, as well as the parts of domestic design law which remain unchanged.

Preface Annette Kur, Marianne Levin and Jens Schovsbo 1. The Design Approach Revisited: Background and Meaning Annette Kur and Marianne Levin 2. The Design Approach in a Design Historical Perspective Stina Theilmann-Lock 3. The Harmonising Decisions from Luxembourg Marianne Levin 4. Copyright protection for design creations Philipp Fabbio 5. 'Buy me because I'm cool': the 'marketing approach' and the overlap be-tween design, Trade mark and unfair competition law Ansgar Ohly 6. Design Protection for Products That are 'Dictated by Function' Graeme Dinwoodie and Jens Schovsbo 7. The Design Approach and Procedural Practice -- Mismatch or Smooth Transposition? Annette Kur 8. From Law in the Books to Enforcement in Court: Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, and Sanctions Annette Kur 9. Greeted with a Shrug: The Impact of the Community Design System on United States Law Stacy Dogan 10. Legal Protection of Industrial Designs in ChinaC YIN Qile and ZHANG Weijun) 11. Concluding Remarks and Perspectives Annette Kur, Marianne Levin and Jens Schovsbo) Index.

This intimate portrait of both iconic and unknown midcentury European designers and architectural masterpieces reveals an inspiring personal approach to modernism. This gorgeously photographed volume features the intimate and private spaces of both the icons and unknown vanguards of European midcentury architecture and design. Showcasing the functional beauty of midcentury design, Modern Originals presents the innovative homes by some of the most compelling and influential European midcentury designers, including Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto, Finn Juhl, Robin and Lucienne Day, and Gae Aulenti, to name a few. Williamson gained exclusive access to homes that are often closed to the public, and this intimacy is reflected in her richly detailed photographs. Each chapter is dedicated to a single home where the interiors are intact as they were lived in by their designers. Examples include the iconic Studio Achille Castiglioni in Milan; the Helsinki home of Aino and Alvar Aalto with signs of functionalism preserved; Finn Juhl's Scandinavian farmhouse, with warm woods and bursts of primary colors; and Carlo Mollino's eccentric Italian lair filled with his sensually shaped designs. This rare glimpse into the personal spaces of legendary designers in the midcentury canon reveals the highest expression of their ideas created for the most demanding of clients: themselves.

Every day we interact with thousands of consumer products. We not only expect them to perform their functions safely, reliably, and efficiently, but also to do it so seamlessly that we don’t even think about it. However, with the many factors involved in consumer product design, from the application of human factors and ergonomics principles to reducing risks of malfunction and the total life cycle cost, well, the process just seems to get more complex. Edited by well-known and well-respected experts, the two-volumes of Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics in Consumer Product Design simplify this process. The first volume, Human Factors and Ergonomics in Consumer Product Design: Methods and Techniques, outlines the how to incorporate Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E) principles and knowledge into the design of consumer products in a variety of applications. It discusses the user-centered design process, starting with how mental workload affects every day interactions with consumer products and what lessons may be applied to product design. The book then highlights the ever-increasing role of information technology, including digital imaging, video and other media, and virtual reality applications in consumer product design. It also explores user-centered aspect of consumer product development with discussions of user-centered vs. task-based approach, articulation and assessment of user requirements and needs, interaction with design models, and eco design. With contributions from a team of researchers from 21 countries, the book covers the current state of the art methods and techniques of product ergonomics. It provides an increased knowledge of how to apply the HF/E principles that ultimately leads to better product design.

The purpose of this book is to explain the philosophy set out in Eurocode 7, the new European code of practice for geotechnical design, and, by means of series of typical examples, to show how this philosophy is used in practice. This book is aimed at: • practising engineers, to assist them to carry out geotechnical designs to Eurocode 7 using the limit state design method and partial factors; • lecturers and students on courses where design to Eurocode 7 is being taught. It is envisaged that practising engineers, using this book to assist them carry out geotechnical designs to Eurocode 7, will have access to the prestandard version of Eurocode 7, ENV 1997 -I, so the authors have concentrated on the main principles and have not provided a commentary on all the clauses. However sufficient detail has been included in the book to enable it to be used on its own by those learning the design principles who may not have access to Eurocode 7. For example, the values of the partial factors and the principal equations given in Eurocode 7 have been included and these are used in the design examples in this book. To assist the reader, the numbering, layout and titles of the chapters closely follow those presented in Eurocode 7.

The ground is one of the most highly variable of engineering materials. It is therefore not surprising that geotechnical designs depend on local site conditions and local engineering experience. Engineering practices, relating to investigation and design methods site understanding and to safety levels acceptable to society, will therefore vary between different regions.The challenge in geotechnical engineering is to make use of worldwide geotechnical experience, established over many years, to aid in the development and harmonization of geotechnical design codes. Given the significant uncertainties involved, empiricism and engineering

As oil-rich countries in the Middle East are increasingly associated with soaring skyscrapers and modern architecture, attention is being diverted away from the pervasive struggles of social housing in those same urban settings. Social Housing in the Middle East traces the history of social housing—both gleaming postmodern projects and bare-bones urban housing structures—in an effort to provide a wider understanding of marginalized spaces and their impact on identities, communities, and class. While architects may have envisioned utopian or futuristic experiments, these buildings were often constructed with the knowledge and skill sets of local workers, and the housing was in turn adapted to suit the modern needs of residents. This tension between local needs and national aspirations are linked to issues of global importance, including security, migration, and refugee resettlement. The essays collected here consider how culture, faith, and politics influenced the solutions offered by social housing; they provide an insightful look at how social housing has evolved since the 19th century and how it will need to adapt to suit the 21st.