"Is geography one, or is it several subjects? More precisely, are physical and political geography two stages of one investigation, or are they separate subjects to be studied by different methods, the one an appendix of geology, the other of history? " --Halford Mackinder in The Scope and Methods of Geography, 1887 The Scope and Methods of Geography was published by Halford Mackinder in 1887 in the "New Monthly Series of the Royal Geographical Society." It was a manifesto for the New Geography, in which he viewed physical geography and human geography as a single discipline. This publication represented the beginning of an illustrious career as an English geographer and academic.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

This book sets out the case for a cosmopolitan approach to contemporary global politics. It presents a systematic theory of cosmopolitanism, explicating its core principles and justifications, and examines the role many of these principles have played in the development of global politics, such as framing the human rights regime. The framework is then used to address some of the most pressing issues of our time: the crisis of financial markets, climate change and the fallout from the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. In each case, Held argues that realistic politics is exhausted, and that cosmopolitanism is the new realism. See also Garrett Wallace Brown and David Held's The Cosmopolitanism Reader.

Democratic Ideals and Reality delves into the world of geopolitics in the immediate aftermath of the Great War but reflects even the tiniest realities of daily life. Halford John Mackinder was unusually prescient in noting the tremendous potential and danger of changing population demographics across the world and within Europe. He notes the new freedom of mankind to engage in large-scale idealism, where previously the capacity to spend time in building an ideology had been solely devoted to scrabbling for the means of survival. From the modern perspective it is easy to see Mackinder's anxiety about large populations across Europe, engaged in politics but without the education the author considered necessary for prudent decision making. With palpable unease this work recalls young men campaigning to cement self-rule in Ireland, the rapid growth of cities and the laissez-faire attitude of centralised modern nation states to this enormous era of social and industrial development. In thinking about the effects and origins of these social changes Mackinder does not flinch from reflecting in depth on the inner workings of British society. In an age of fragmented communities it is fascinating to see Mackinder's early misgivings about urban workers, atomised and disconnected and an elevated set of elites who detach themselves from their local communities and as a result create a fractured society. Each reader must face up to the author's questions about the direction of his world and determine for themselves whether society has confirmed his fears in the years since this work. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The idea of finding a 'third way' in politics has been widely discussed over recent months - not only in the UK, but in the US, Continental Europe and Latin America. But what is the third way? Supporters of the notion haven't been able to agree, and critics deny the possibility altogether. Anthony Giddens shows that developing a third way is not only a possibility but a necessity in modern politics.