A daring, original approach to understanding and predicting the mechanical behavior of materials "Damage is an abstraction . . . Strength is an observable, an independent variable that can be measured, with clear and familiar engineering definitions." -from the Preface to Damage Tolerance and Durability of Material Systems Long-term behavior is one of the most challenging and important aspects of material engineering. There is a great need for a useful conceptual or operational framework for measuring long-term behavior. As much a revolution in philosophy as an engineering text, Damage Tolerance and Durability of Material Systems postulates a new mechanistic philosophy and methodology for predicting the remaining strength and life of engineering material. This philosophy associates the local physical changes in material states and stress states caused by time-variable applied environments with global properties and performance. There are three fundamental issues associated with the mechanical behavior of engineering materials and structures: their stiffness, strength, and life. Treating these issues from the standpoint of technical difficulty, time, and cost for characterization, and relationship to safety, reliability, liability, and economy, the authors explore such topics as: * Damage tolerance and failure modes * Factors that determine composite strength * Micromechanical models of composite stiffness and strength * Stiffness evolution * Strength evolution during damage accumulation * Non-uniform stress states * Lifetime prediction With a robust selection of example applications and case studies, this book takes a step toward the fulfillment of a vision of a future in which the prediction of physical properties from first principles will make possible the creation and application of new materials and material systems at a remarkable cost savings.

Durability analysis can be defined as the prediction methodology of safe residual behaviour after a given life time under a complex mechanical loading history in combination with a program of environmental variations. This was, and is a central problem for the reliability of structural components whatever are the basic material systems. With composite systems, combination of different materials in interaction, an integrated material structure design becomes possible. If one of the phases is a polymer, the composite system has time dependent properties and as consequence durability analysis has to be performed taking into account the internal time factor in combination with strong influences from temperature changes and moisture diffusion. Insurance companies need information on durability and reliability in order to cover the risks, and in the event of failure lawyers have to arrive at an agreement om the responsibilites of the different actors involved in the constructiion. This book is an overview of the state of the different aspects of safe structural integrity for a given lifetime of composite structures, with special emphasis on polymer matrix composites. It is of interest for scientists and engineers involved in composites and for designers of composite structural components.

Durability of Composite Systems meets the challenge of defining these precepts and requirements, from first principles, to applications in a diverse selection of technical fields selected to form a corpus of concepts and methodologies that define the field of durability in composite material systems as a modern discipline. That discipline includes not only the classical rigor of mechanics, physics and chemistry, but also the critical elements of thermodynamics, data analytics, and statistical uncertainty quantification as well as other requirements of the modern subject. This book provides a comprehensive summary of the field, suited to both reference and instructional use. It will be essential reading for academic and industrial researchers, materials scientists and engineers and all those working in the design, analysis and manufacture of composite material systems. - Makes essential direct and detailed connections to modern concepts and methodologies, such as machine learning, systems controls, sustainable and resilient systems, and additive manufacturing - Provides a careful balance between theory and practice so that presentations of details of methodology and philosophy are always driven by a context of applications and examples - Condenses selected information regarding the durability of composite materials in a wide spectrum of applications in the automotive, wind energy, civil engineering, medical devices, electrical systems, aerospace and nuclear fields

Contains 14 papers from the title symposium at the November 1994 congress, discussing damage tolerance concepts and probabilistic modeling, defect characterization, adhesive bond durability in composites, damage modes and mechanisms in fiber-reinforced and woven composites, and damage and fatigue of

This proceedings covers the general problem related to the damage initiation and development, the failure criteria and the specific aspects related to fatigue, creep behaviour, moisture diffusion and the problem of the joining systems.

"Long Term Durability of Structural Materials" features proceedings of the workshop held at Berkeley, CA in October, 2000. It brought together engineers and scientists, who have received grants from the initiative NSF 98-42, to share their results on the study of long-term durability of materials and structures. The major objective was to develop new methods for accelerated short-term laboratory or in-situ tests which allow accurate, reliable, predictions of the long-term performance of materials, machines and structures. To achieve this goal it was important to understand the fundamental nature of the deterioration and damage processes in materials and to develop innovative ways to model the behavior of these processes as they affect the life and long-term performance of components, machines and structures. The researchers discussed their approach to include size effects in scaling up from laboratory specimens to actual structures. Accelerated testing and durability modeling techniques developed were validated by comparing their results with performance under actual operating conditions. The main mechanism of the deterioration discussed included environmental effects and/or exposure to loads, speeds and other operating conditions that are not fully anticipated in the original design. A broad range of deterioration damage, such as fatigue, overload, ultraviolet damage, corrosion, and wear was presented. A broad range of materials of interest was also discussed, including the full spectrum of construction materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and coatings. Emphasis was placed on scale-dependence and history of fabrication on resulting mechanical behavior of materials.

Highlights the recent developments in the fundamental understanding of composites; important information for researchers and composite scientists.