This book explores next-generation artificial intelligence based on the symbiosis between humans, machines and nature, including the rules and emerging patterns of recognition, and the integration and optimization of various flows through cyberspace, physical space and social space. It unveils a reciprocal human-machine-nature symbiotic mechanism together with relevant rules on structuring and evolving reality, and also proposes a multi-dimensional space for modelling reality and managing the methodologies for exploring reality. As such it lays the foundation for the emerging research area cyber-physical-social intelligence. Inspiring researchers and university students to explore the development of intelligence and scientific methodology, it is intended for researchers and broad readers with a basic understanding of computer science and the natural sciences. Next-generation artificial intelligence will extend machine intelligence and human intelligence to cyber-physical-social intelligence rendered by various interactions in cyberspace, physical space and social space. With the transformational development of science and society, a multi-dimensional reality is emerging and evolving, leading to the generation and development of various spaces obeying different principles. A fundamental scientific challenge is uncovering the essential mechanisms and principles that structure and evolve the reality emerging and evolving along various dimensions. Meeting this challenge requires identifying the basic relations between humans, machines and nature in order to reveal the cyber-physical-social principles.

Smart Cyber Physical Systems: Advances, Challenges and Opportunities ISBN: 9780367337889 Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are the new generation of collaborative computational entities, with a prime focus on integration of the physical world and cyber space. Through a feedback mechanism, the system adapts itself to new conditions in real time. The scope of this book includes research experience by experts in CPS infrastructure systems, incorporating sustainability by embedding computing and communication in day-to-day applications. CPS, integrated with Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Big Data, Cloud Computing and Communication, lay a foundation for the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0. This book will be of immense use to practitioners in industries with a focus on autonomous and adaptive configuration, and on optimization, leading to increased agility, elasticity and cost effectiveness. The contributors of this book include renowned academics, industry practitioners and researchers. It offers a rigorous introduction to the theoretical foundations, techniques and practical solutions, through case studies. Building CPS with effective communication, control, intelligence and security is discussed in terms of societal and research perspectives. The objective of this book is to provide a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange ideas and to achieve progress in CPS by highlighting applications, advances and research challenges. It is highly recommended to be used as a reference book for graduate and post-graduate level programmes in universities, with a focus on research in computer science-related courses.

This Open Access proceedings presents new approaches to Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems, experiences and visions. It contains some selected papers from the international Conference ML4CPS – Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems, which was held in Karlsruhe, October 23-24, 2018. Cyber Physical Systems are characterized by their ability to adapt and to learn: They analyze their environment and, based on observations, they learn patterns, correlations and predictive models. Typical applications are condition monitoring, predictive maintenance, image processing and diagnosis. Machine Learning is the key technology for these developments.

Cyber–Physical–Human Systems A comprehensive edited volume exploring the latest in the interactions between cyber–physical systems and humans In Cyber–Physical–Human Systems: Fundamentals and Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a robust and up-to-date volume of contributions from leading researchers on Cyber–Physical–Human Systems, an emerging class of systems with increased interactions between cyber–physical, and human systems communicating with each other at various levels across space and time, so as to achieve desired performance related to human welfare, efficiency, and sustainability. The editors have focused on papers that address the power of emerging CPHS disciplines, all of which feature humans as an active component during cyber and physical interactions. Articles that span fundamental concepts and methods to various applications in engineering sectors of transportation, robotics, and healthcare and general socio-technical systems such as smart cities are featured. Together, these articles address challenges and opportunities that arise due to the emerging interactions between cyber–physical systems and humans, allowing readers to appreciate the intersection of cyber–physical system research and human behavior in large-scale systems. In the book, readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the fundamentals of cyber–physical–human systems In-depth discussions of cyber–physical–human systems with applications in transportation, robotics, and healthcare A comprehensive treatment of socio-technical systems, including social networks and smart cities Perfect for cyber–physical systems researchers, academics, and graduate students, Cyber–Physical–Human Systems: Fundamentals and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of research and development professionals working in industry and government agencies.

"This book focuses upon the recent advances in the realization of Artificial Intelligence-based approaches towards affecting secure Cyber-Physical Systems. It features contributions pertaining to this multidisciplinary paradigm, in particular, in its application to building sustainable space by investigating state-of-art research issues, applications and achievements in the field of Computational Intelligence Paradigms for Cyber-Physical Systems"--

Reinforcement Learning for Cyber-Physical Systems: with Cybersecurity Case Studies was inspired by recent developments in the fields of reinforcement learning (RL) and cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Rooted in behavioral psychology, RL is one of the primary strands of machine learning. Different from other machine learning algorithms, such as supervised learning and unsupervised learning, the key feature of RL is its unique learning paradigm, i.e., trial-and-error. Combined with the deep neural networks, deep RL become so powerful that many complicated systems can be automatically managed by AI agents at a superhuman level. On the other hand, CPSs are envisioned to revolutionize our society in the near future. Such examples include the emerging smart buildings, intelligent transportation, and electric grids. However, the conventional hand-programming controller in CPSs could neither handle the increasing complexity of the system, nor automatically adapt itself to new situations that it has never encountered before. The problem of how to apply the existing deep RL algorithms, or develop new RL algorithms to enable the real-time adaptive CPSs, remains open. This book aims to establish a linkage between the two domains by systematically introducing RL foundations and algorithms, each supported by one or a few state-of-the-art CPS examples to help readers understand the intuition and usefulness of RL techniques. Features Introduces reinforcement learning, including advanced topics in RL Applies reinforcement learning to cyber-physical systems and cybersecurity Contains state-of-the-art examples and exercises in each chapter Provides two cybersecurity case studies Reinforcement Learning for Cyber-Physical Systems with Cybersecurity Case Studies is an ideal text for graduate students or junior/senior undergraduates in the fields of science, engineering, computer science, or applied mathematics. It would also prove useful to researchers and engineers interested in cybersecurity, RL, and CPS. The only background knowledge required to appreciate the book is a basic knowledge of calculus and probability theory.

In recent years, the transformation of devices and systems into intelligent, interconnected entities has given rise to concepts widely recognized as the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems (CPSs). The integration of social networks with CPSs leads to an innovative paradigm known as cyber-physical-social systems (CPSSs). The CPSS, harmonizing the cyber, physical, and social spaces, constitutes the next evolution of intelligent systems. It is founded on the integration of embedded systems, computer networks, control theory, and sensor networks. A typical CPSS is comprised of sensors, controllers, actuators, and communication networks. Its salience is found in the seamless connection of physical devices to the Internet and social networks, thereby imbuing these devices with capabilities such as computation, communication, precise control, remote coordination, and autonomy. The applicability of CPSS spans diverse fields, including intelligent transportation systems, telemedicine, smart grid technology, aerospace, smart home appliances, environmental monitoring, intelligent buildings, defense systems, and weaponry. Thus, CPSS stands as a vital component in a nation's essential infrastructure."

Security concerns around the rapid growth and variety of devices that are controlled and managed over the Internet is an immediate potential threat to all who own or use them. This book examines the issues surrounding these problems, vulnerabilities, what can be done to solve the problems, investigating the roots of the problems and how programming and attention to good security practice can combat the threats today that are a result of lax security processes on the Internet of Things, cloud computing and social media.

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) can be defined as systems in which physical objects are represented in the digital world and integrated with computation, storage, and communication capabilities and are connected to each other in a network. The goal in the use of the CPS is integrating the dynamics of the physical processes with those of the software and networking, providing abstractions and modelling, design, and analysis techniques for the integrated whole. The notion of CPS is linked to concepts of robotics and sensor networks with intelligent systems proper of computational intelligence leading the pathway. Recent advances in science and engineering improve the link between computational and physical elements by means of intelligent systems, increasing the adaptability, autonomy, efficiency, functionality, reliability, safety, and usability of cyber-physical systems. The potential of cyber-physical systems will spread to several directions, including but not limited to intervention, precision manufacturing, operations in dangerous or inaccessible environments, coordination, efficiency, Maintenance 4.0, and augmentation of human capabilities. Design, Applications, and Maintenance of Cyber-Physical Systems gives insights about CPS as tools for integrating the dynamics of the physical processes with those of software and networking, providing abstractions and modelling, design, and analysis techniques for their smart manufacturing interoperation. The book will have an impact upon the research on robotics, mechatronics, integrated intelligent multibody systems, Industry 4.0, production systems management and maintenance, decision support systems, and Maintenance 4.0. The chapters discuss not only the technologies involved in CPS but also insights into how they are used in various industries. This book is ideal for engineers, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in a deeper understanding of cyber-physical systems (CPS), their design, application, and maintenance, with a special focus on modern technologies in Industry 4.0 and Maintenance 4.0.

The Knowledge Grid is an intelligent and sustainable interaction environment that consists of autonomous individuals, self-organized semantic communities, adaptive networking mechanisms, evolving semantic link networks keeping meaningful connection between individuals, flows for dynamic resource sharing, and mechanisms supporting effective resource management and providing appropriate knowledge services for learning, innovation, teamwork, problem solving, and decision making. This book presents its methodology, theory, models and applications systematically for the first time.Its second edition fulfils the ideal of the Knowledge Grid by includingmany new contents, including: (1) The insight of cyber-physical society; (2) The systematic method of semantic link network that supports uncertainty management, discovery of semantic links and semantic communities, autonomous semantic data model, and cyber-physical-socio semantic link network; (3) Semantic peer-to-peer infrastructures for efficient knowledge sharing; (4) A new centrality measure of network; and (5) The Energy-Knowledge Grid. This new edition will undoubtedly provide inspiring materials for researchers, academics, practitioners and students.