Critical Survey of Stability Constants and Related Thermodynamic Data of Fluoride Complexes in Aqueous Solution covers the problems and techniques for measuring fluoride stability constants. This book is composed of two parts encompassing five chapters that describe the general characteristics of fluoride as a ligand, as well as the techniques for measuring fluoride enthalpy. The second part contains tabulations of fluoride's stability constants in aqueous solution.

Low dimensionality is a multifarious concept which applies to very diversified materials. Thus, examples of low-dimensional systems are structures with one or several layers, single lines or patterns of lines, and small clusters isolated or dispersed in solid systems. Such low dimensional features can be produced in a wide variety of materials systems with a broad spectrum of scientific and practical interests. These features, in turn, induce specific properties and, particularly, specific transport properties. In the case of zeolites, low dimensionality appears in the network of small-diameter pores of molecular size, extending in one, two or three di mensions, that these solids exhibit as a characteristic feature and which explains the term of "molecular sieves" currently used to name these ma terials. Indeed, a large number of industrial processes for separation of gases and liquids, and for catalysis are based upon the use of this low dimensional feature in zeolites. For instance, zeolites constitute the first class of catalysts employed allover the world. Because of the peculiarity and flexibility of their structure (and composition), zeolites can be adapted to suit many specific and diversified applications. For this reason, zeolites are presently the object of a large and fast-growing interest among chemists and chemical engineers.

Metrology and its applications e.g. in chemical or food analysis or in environmental monitoring are entering our daily life. This book provides a basic overview over the relevant metrological concepts like traceability, ISO uncertainties or cause-and-effect diagrams. The applications described in great detail range from progression-of-error type evaluation of the measurement uncertainty budget to complex applications like pH measurement or speciation calculations for aqueous solutions. The consequences of a measurement uncertainty concept for chemical data are outlined for geochemical modeling applied to transport in the subsurface and to nuclear waste disposal. Special sections deal with the deficits of existing thermodynamic data for these applications and with the current position of chemical metrology in respect to other quality assurance measures, e.g. ISO 900x, GLP, European and U.S.-American standards.

Coordination Chemistry-21 covers the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Coordination Chemistry. The book discusses several studies that tackle topics that concern the field of chemistry. The text is organized into two parts: plenary lectures and section lectures. The first four chapters are parts of the plenary lectures and include the following topics: valence electron distributions in transition metal complexes; coordination compounds with metal to metal bonds; solar energy storage reactions involving metal complexes; and electron transfer in blue copper proteins. The remaining 11 chapters are organized into five sections according to the theme of the study. The first section deals with electronic structure of coordination compounds, while the second section covers unusual properties of coordination compounds in the solid state. Section 3 devotes itself to the coordination chemistry in solution; Section 4 tackles ligand activity in transition metal complexes. The last section discusses the application of coordination chemistry to biology. The book will be of great interest to researchers in the field of chemistry, since it presents several studies relevant to the advancement of the field.

Preface Uranium is a radioactive element and a heavy metal which is naturally occurring in ground and surface water. Although uranium is enriched in granites and gneiss ground water from these host rocks often shows low to intermediate uranium con centrations, while some ground waters from sandstone and carbonate aquifers show elevated uranium concentrations up to several hundred mg/1 without man made impact. On the other side, surface water contains increased anthropogenic uranium concentrations due to the intensive use of phosphate fertilizers and in mining areas due to mining and milling activities. Saxony and Thuringia both be ing states of the reunified Germany are probably an area where uranium mining activities have impacted the environment more severely than in any other part of the world. Thus, the federal government of Germany allocated huge amounts of money for the rehabilitation work, a unique proceeding without precedent in min ing history. In October 1995 the first international conference on Uranium Mining and Hydrogeology (UMM I) was held in Freiberg being organized by the Department of Geology at the technical University Freiberg by the support of the Saxon State Ministry of Geology and Environment. Due to the large scientific interest in the topic ofuranium a second conference (UMH II) took place in Freiberg in Septem ber 1998.

Aluminum, bound almost exclusively to oxygen in various combinations, is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust and, therefore, of great commercial potential. Once methods were developed (in the 1880's) to free useable quantities of the element from oxygen, applications for the element began developing rapidly. This growth has resulted in the ubiquity of the metal in today's world. Therefore it can be found intentionally introduced in many products in direct contact with human beings. It is commonly known that soluble forms of aluminum aretoxic to living organisms. However, aluminum is not known to be bioavailable under everyday conditions. In fact, the solubility product of common aluminum compounds, such as AI(OH)3 is so low as to make it essentially unavailable. This volume of Structure and Bonding seeks to provide in one source, a resource where the basic science related to aluminum toxicity may be obtained. It should be stressed that this volume is not intended to be a warning to avoid contact with aluminum. Living organisms have adequate defenses to prevent aluminum toxicity under normal conditions. Rather the volume was created to simply provide an understanding of the biological effects of aluminum. As such, the present volume should be considered in the context of the companion volumes in this three part series of Structure and Bonding. The first volume was devoted to fundamental developments in group 13 chemistry.

Ionisation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution, Second Edition provides a compilation of tables that summarize relevant data recorded in the literature up to the end of 1980 for the ionization constants of inorganic acids and bases in aqueous solution. This book includes references to acidity functions for strong acids and bases, as well as details about the formation of polynuclear species. This text then explains the details of each column of the tables, wherein column 1 gives the name of the substance and the negative logarithm of the ionization constant and column 2 gives the temperature of measurements in degree Celsius. This book presents as well the method of measurement and the literature references that are listed alphabetically at the end of the tables. Chemists will find this book useful.

This book was first published in 1991. It considers the concepts and theories relating to mostly aqueous systems of activity coefficients.

Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Organic Salts is concerned with the thermodynamic and transport properties of organic salts, namely, pure salts, mixtures, and solutions. The transport properties of pure molten salts and binary mixtures of molten salts with organic ions are given, along with the transport properties of organic salts in aqueous solutions. This book is divided into three sections and opens with a discussion on the statistical treatment and of computer simulation methods for molten salts as well as their results for pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) data. The PVT data for organic molten salts determined experimentally are considered, and the thermal properties as well as the melting mechanism of pure salts are described. A method by which PVT data at high pressure can be estimated from those at low pressure with sufficiently high accuracy is also outlined. The next section deals with salt mixtures, their phase diagrams, and their transport properties. The final section looks at the transport properties of organic salts in aqueous solutions; thermodynamic quantities of micelle formation; and formation of lyotropic liquid crystals by organic salts. Two appendixes showing the structure of the pure solids and the use of the melts in electrochemical studies are included. This monograph will be a useful resource for organic chemists.