Project Report from the year 2015 in the subject Business economics - Operations Research, grade: Distinction, , language: English, abstract: The UK’s grocery retail sector is one of the most competitive and fierce in retail. Over the last decade, the UK’s grocery retailing landscape has transformed radically, especially emergence of the Germany and Scandinavia deep discount retailers such as Aldi and Lidl in early 1990s. Hard discount retailer have very distinctive approach than UK’s traditional grocery retail such as Tesco, Sainsbury, Walmart-Asda and Morrison and were lead onto UK by these Traditional retailer which enjoyed high profit margins at the time and they recognised the Gap in the market in terms price and spatial gap in terms of the most deprive area in UK’s towns and cities. By 2015, Germany discount retails have grown record level which followed a period of gradual increase number of store and most favourable trading characteristics even given recession and global financial crises between 2007 and 2009 (Thompson et al., 2010). Having reached record sales, by end of 2014, Aldi and Lidl’s sales have grown by 22.6% and 15.1% and 4.8% and 3.6% market share respectively. On the other side, big four traditional retail Tesco lost sales 1.2%, J Sainsbury 0.7% and Asda and Morrison both 1.6% as well as 1.2% market share in combine (FT, 2015:1). The success of German discount retails has become main concern in UK’s traditional retails. Aim of this paper is to investigation the impact of discount retailers on traditional retailers in UK because German discounters not only direct impact on traditional retailers’ market share, also put pressure on increasing operational efficiency and or decreasing prices (Harvard Business Review, 2006 and van Heerde et al. 2008) which lead this paper’s second aim to analyse should existing traditional retailers develop new flexible business model like Walmart (Jia, 2007). Having successful business strategy, it still begs a question what is the future of this German discounter, third aim of this research paper is to investigate can they (German discounter) be able to beat big four UK’s traditional retailers like what Walmart did in US (Jia, 2007) and Ryanair did British airways (Ruddick, 2014). Due to having time and words limitation, this paper will only focus Tesco in terms of UK’s traditional retailer and German discounter Aldi.

Tourism is an activity that anyone can take part in, regardless of their age, gender, nationality or level of income. This makes tourism one of the most rapidly developing industries in the world. Despite the number of benefits which tourism produces, it also has significant negative impacts on the environment. To minimise the scope of these negative impacts, joint efforts combining tourism and environmental management are called for. This book examines the application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method and lifecycle thinking as a tool to generate more accurate and holistic appraisals of the environmental impacts of tourism. Looking at the issue of sustainability of tourism operations, the book evaluates how it can be improved. It highlights the potential of LCA to affect tourist behaviour and contribute to tourism policy-making and managerial practice. This book provides a valuable resource for undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers interested in sustainable tourism, sustainable development and environmental impact assessment.

Written by a leading expert in the field, this is the first thorough critical review of retail planning policy in Britain (including Scotland and Wales). It covers recent changes in government policy and guidance, and examines retail policy within a broader economic and social context. Planning for Retail Development explains key events and debates in the evolution of retail planning policy, at central and local government levels, since the 1960s and draws contrasts between the 1980s, a period in which retail developers were encouraged by central government to expand away from town centres, and the more recent emphasis on protection and promotion of town centres as the most appropriate location for new development. The book develops a critical evaluation of past and present retail planning policies, based upon analyses of retailers’ objectives and of typical consumer shopping behaviour. Relationships between retail planning and wider societal concerns, including sustainable development, social inclusion and urban regeneration are also examined and analysed and guidelines for future policy objectives and content are drawn.

Though based on an economic transition, retailer-consumer relationship is also influenced by non-economic factors and is a context of social interaction. With the emergence of modern merchandising techniques and a rise in large retail companies, consumers have become increasingly vigilant of practice within the retail industry. Handbook of Research on Retailer-Consumer Relationship Development offers a complete and updated overview of various perspectives relating to customer relationship management within the retail industry and stimulates the search for greater integration of these views in further research. Offering different angles to analyze the exchange between the retailer and the consumer, this handbook is a valuable tool for professionals and scholars seeking to upgrade their knowledge, as well as for upper-level students.

This book is a fully up-to-date, comprehensive guide to the law, economics and practice of UK merger control law, including a review of the recently revised guidelines of the Office of Fair Trading and the Competition Commission. This guide presents an integrated legal and economic assessment of the substantive appraisal of mergers and examines in detail the following topics: the history of the Enterprise Act and its development from the Fair Trading Act; the various regulatory bodies that form the institutional structure of the UK merger control regime; enterprises subject to merger control regulation and the jurisdictional thresholds of the Enterprise Act; the relationship of the Enterprise Act with the European Merger Regulation; the procedural and substantive practice of the Office of Fair Trading; references to, and in-depth reviews by, the Competition Commission; appeals to the Competition Appeal Tribunal; public interest mergers and the role of the Secretary of State; and merger remedies. Uniquely, this book also provides insights into the substance and procedure of UK merger control from Simon Pritchard, formerly Senior Director of Mergers, OFT.

Scoring Points is the compelling and dramatic inside story, told from a project point of view, of how the Tesco Clubcard was conceived, launched and developed. It explains in detail how Tesco collected, analysed and used customer data to become a retail giant, making customer loyalty marketing work when almost every other programme failed. By pairing its loyalty scheme with sophisticated information technology, Tesco set a new standard for knowing your customer. Scoring Points is one of the seminal marketing books of the last decade. A fascinating tale of what can be achieved through vision, a strong team ethic and a company-wide commitment to customer satisfaction, it is an inspirational read for anyone in business, from junior marketers or salespersons working in an FMCG environment, to any practitioner looking to better analyse their customer base.

From one man’s Hackney market stall to a company serving fifty million customers in thirteen countries every week, this is the extraordinary story of one of Britain’s most remarkable companies. Told by those who themselves feature in it – Tesco’s own employees – it relates a fascinating social history as well as an epic business venture. Drawn from hundreds of hours of interviews with Tesco staff, collected by National Life Stories at the British Library, these personal accounts from across the decades are frank, insightful, sometimes funny and, above all, very human. How, then, did Tesco grow from Jack Cohen’s barrow in Hackney to the hypermarkets in Hungary and Thailand and a home-delivery service to customers from Cheshire to the Czech Republic? Why and how did Tesco survive and (mostly) thrive where other British companies stalled? And what impact has Tesco’s success had on its employees and consumers? Here is Tesco’s authentic story, carefully researched and engagingly written by Sarah Ryle, told for the first time by the people at the very heart of the business.

Risk management is vital to organisational success, from government down to small businesses, and the discipline has developed rapidly over the last decade. Learning lessons from the good and bad practice of others is a key feature of this book, which includes multiple illustrative examples of risk management practice, in addition to detailed case studies. Combining both theory and practice, the early chapters compare the ISO 31000 and COSO Enterprise Risk Management frameworks and the relevant regulatory regimes in both Europe and the United States. The core of the book is three highly detailed case studies of risk management in the manufacturing (Akzo Nobel), retail (Tesco), and public sectors (Birmingham City Council). Using the lessons learned from the case studies, together with material from elsewhere, the author then outlines four lessons for risk managers that can be used in any organisation seeking to develop a truly enterprise-wide risk management system. This completely revised edition contains updates on regulations and practice, together with new chapters covering technology risk and COVID-19, which are major risks faced by all organisations today. As such the book is essential reading for risk management professionals and postgraduate and executive learners.