In the corporate underground, creative intrapreneurs produce ideas autonomously and without the consent of management. Such informal activity frequently 'corrects' and compensates for the weaknesses of formal organizational systems. The corporate underground is an adjusting element for a number of organizational paradoxes. This imposes a certain legitimacy on covert activities such as bootlegging and constructive deviance. It reflects a basic axiom of the evolutionary perspective: change and creativity are reliant upon elements of redundancy, waste and inefficiency.With contributions from 16 leading experts in this field, the book offers a comprehensive picture of the nature of covert creativity for theory, research and practice. The chapters cover a wide range of facets of underground activity, including basic information, the sensitive transition from underground to formal disclosure at an organization, and psychological factors. This book is a valuable compendium for academics and practitioners interested in R&D and innovation. Management seeking to better manage their innovative capabilities in their companies will also benefit from this book.

Business and management approaches to innovation tend to focus on incremental changes to existing products and processes, such as new product development, design-thinking, and business model innovation. In contrast, Radical Innovation Challenges focusses on radical and breakthrough innovation, and identifies its distinct sources, organization, processes, and outcomes. This book illustrates conceptual models and practical methods to better understand and manage radical innovation, and provides an argument for an iterative coupling process, between knowledge-push and demand-pull challenges and opportunities.The book draws upon a distinct interdisciplinary body of knowledge to provide a crucial insight into the latest research and experience, and demonstrates how radical innovation practices and policies can be applied to fundamental corporate and social challenges such as climate change.

This book quantifies best practices for developing innovative products cost-effectively. Analyses of dozens of studies show how managing the work of people collaborating in parallel creates products faster, cheaper, and better in any organization. Concurrent systems deploy four kinds of practice simultaneously to synergistically achieve high performance: Strategy, Process, Organization, and Tools/Technologies (SPOT).Appendices in every chapter enable stakeholders to benchmark their practices against Best-in-Class standards and identify gaps. A 'Big Bang' index prioritizes best practices for improvement. A Composite Model™ algorithm enables designers of product development systems to further boost performance capabilities by combining complementary practices additively and synergistically. Managers and stakeholders collaborate in using these unique methods to build a 'should be' vision of value development by closing gaps in their 'as is' system to achieve diverse competitive advantages.Case studies highlight how dozens of enterprises have successfully implemented SPOT practices to improve their performance. A transformation assurance process (TAP) provides tactics for champions to co-lead a five-step change journey: (1) Envisioning, (2) Diagnosing, (3) Assessing, (4) Implementing, and (5) Improving.

Even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic global healthcare services faced the need to reshape healthcare delivery models in order to meet escalating demand, whilst maintaining quality of care and equity of access. What are the key factors that enable these critical changes to be delivered at scale and pace, and within the constraints of limited resources?Seyed Esfahani and Halkes are academics and practitioners who have extensive expertise in healthcare innovation research and practice, and in this book they explore innovation in the health sector through discussions on forward-thinking technologies, covering development and manufacturing approaches, as well as innovation management and training. Case studies review the successful application of innovation models and technologies from Brazil, Portugal, Austria, the United Kingdom, Sweden and Europe. How the lessons learnt during the COVID pandemic can be drawn on to accelerate innovation in healthcare and shape future models of delivery is a consistent theme throughout the book.Healthcare Innovation will be of interest and value to academics, healthcare professionals, innovation practitioners, and businesses, as well as those involved in setting strategy and policy. It highlights the key factors at an individual, organisational, and system level that need to be in place to enable effective healthcare innovation, as well as the spread and adoption of new practices.

This book puts management of product innovation in a corporate strategic perspective and argues that a company's competitive position is strongly related to an underlying unique and continually renewed product innovation work process, which drives innovation and delivery of new or improved products in the marketplace. The book will take the reader through a systematic examination of the necessary consecutive steps for companies' successful development of non-assembled products in the cluster of process industries.For readers in search of a seamless, easy-to-use, effective formal product innovation work process, from customer understanding to product launch, this book provides a guiding framework and 'hands-on' advice for work process design. A novel five-phase structural process model of the product innovation work process is initially introduced in order to orchestrate a more dynamic interaction between product and process innovation and the integration of sustainability and product eco-design in product design.The reader will learn first about the importance of aligning new product ideas with the corporate business model and product innovation strategy during the contextualization phase and then how to transform product ideas into well-defined complementary product and process concepts. In the movement of product ideas from the conceptualization phase to industrialization, the use of pilot-planting and production trials for scale-up of product and process concepts is further explored. To secure a design for processability, a novel industrialization sub-process is introduced, and the integration of complementary development of product and service offerings is further examined. The deployment of application development throughout and after product launch is highlighted for an enhancement of product commercialization and a reduction of 'time to break even' for new products.

The ISO Innovation Management System (IMS) Standard (ISO 56002) provides a much needed and well-timed input to the innovation management discipline. While research efforts within the domain of innovation management have vastly increased over the past decades, research has primarily been conducted through specific contributions to distinct areas of innovation management (e.g., top management, culture, processes), lacking a more holistic perspective. Practitioners know that managing innovation is challenging. Bringing in a globally recognised standard that offers a holistic perspective will be key in professionalising the innovation management discipline, much like quality management and project management standards have done in the past.This book focuses on the ISO Innovation Management System Standard and the links with ISPIM's Body of Knowledge (BoK) special interest group, the ISO innovation management community, and the International Collaboration Platform for Innovation Management System (ICP4IMS). It covers four topics as follows:

It is of central importance for companies to be innovative. To maximize their innovation potential, companies often rely on formal systems and processes for innovation management. It has been shown that such attempts have the side effect of inhibiting a number of valuable innovations. Some employees proceed informally and smuggle their innovations past formal barriers. Stephan Eicher analyses the interaction between bootleggers and their management. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, he answers three primary research questions. What is the current state of research on bootlegging in R&D? How do bootleggers overcome illegitimacy upon disclosing their covert projects to decision-makers? How do different management styles and approaches affect the incidence of bootlegging? The results of this research paint a vivid picture of the relationship between covert innovation projects and the official management world of companies.

It is of central importance for companies to be innovative. To maximize their innovation potential, companies often rely on formal systems and processes for innovation management. It has been shown that such attempts have the side effect of inhibiting a number of valuable innovations. Some employees proceed informally and smuggle their innovations past formal barriers. Stephan Eicher analyses the interaction between bootleggers and their management. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, he answers three primary research questions. What is the current state of research on bootlegging in RetD? How do bootleggers overcome illegitimacy upon disclosing their covert projects to decision-makers? How do different management styles and approaches affect the incidence of bootlegging? The results of this research paint a vivid picture of the relationship between covert innovation projects and the official management world of companies. Contents What the literature tells us about bootlegging in RetD How bootleg researchers uncover their underground innovation projects The relationship between bootlegging and management practices Target Groups Researchers and students of innovation and technology management, marketing Practitioners who deal with the management of innovation The Author Dr. Stephan Eicher received his PhD in economic sciences from the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg.

It is a general observation that increasingly uncertain dynamics govern company's technological environment. The creation of valuable innovative investment opportunities becomes more and more a necessity for the survival of industrial firms. In contrary to the development of new products or processes, the initial impulse relies very much on individual people with unusual ideas. For the first time in business research, this book looks in detail on the controversial research method 'bootlegging', also called covert research which is carried out in corporate R&D laboratories. It tells about researchers who experiment and develop their ideas under cover and hidden from management. Conspiratory projects up to a size of over half a million pounds were found during Peter Augsdorfer's ingenious research work which provided the basis for this book. Fifty-seven companies in England, France, and Germany contributed to this research. Over one-hundred-and-fifty managers and researchers were interviewed, partly under difficult circumstances. They quantified important figures about number of bootleg researchers, their time consumption, and how they create slack. Thus, the book vividly demonstrates the inventiveness of corporate entrepreneurial spirits. The author argues that covert research is an absolutely common phenomenon in corporate organisations and its positive effects should not be belittled. The contrary is the case, it can generate new products and processes, or improvements of the firm's existing technologies. Not only is the output of covert research profitable, but bootlegging also exercises researchers' creative learning capabilities and thus stocks technological competence building. All in all, it can be considered as an organisational self-regulating element in the corporate search for organisational correctness and creative chaos. In fact, Peter Augsdorfer uses bootlegging as a catalyst to investigate some main tensions surrounding the generation of innovative ideas. This includes conflicts concerning the strategy, corporate funding mechanisms, the top-down / bottom up dualism, the decisions processes, and individualism. In this sense, the book provides important new lessons in technology management for both corporate practice and academia.

The definitive history of abortion in the United States, with a new preface that equips readers for what’s to come. When Abortion Was a Crime is the must-read book on abortion history. Originally published ahead of the thirtieth anniversary of Roe v. Wade, this award-winning study was the first to examine the entire period during which abortion was illegal in the United States, beginning in the mid-nineteenth century and ending with that monumental case in 1973. When Abortion Was a Crime is filled with intimate stories and nuanced analysis, demonstrating how abortion was criminalized and policed—and how millions of women sought abortions regardless of the law. With this edition, Leslie J. Reagan provides a new preface that addresses the dangerous and ongoing threats to abortion access across the country, and the precarity of our current moment. While abortions have typically been portrayed as grim "back alley" operations, this deeply researched history confirms that many abortion providers—including physicians—practiced openly and safely, despite prohibitions by the state and the American Medical Association. Women could find cooperative and reliable practitioners; but prosecution, public humiliation, loss of privacy, and inferior medical care were a constant threat. Reagan's analysis of previously untapped sources, including inquest records and trial transcripts, shows the fragility of patient rights and raises provocative questions about the relationship between medicine and law. With the right to abortion increasingly under attack, this book remains the definitive history of abortion in the United States, offering vital lessons for every American concerned with health care, civil liberties, and personal and sexual freedom.