Contextuality From Quantum Physics To Psychology

Contextuality From Quantum Physics To Psychology
Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
Total Pages : 479
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9789814730624
ISBN-13 : 9814730629
Rating : 4/5 (24 Downloads)

Synopsis Contextuality From Quantum Physics To Psychology by : Ehtibar N Dzhafarov

The book explores the variety of meanings of contextuality across different disciplines, with the emphasis on quantum physics and on psychology.

Ubiquitous Quantum Structure

Ubiquitous Quantum Structure
Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages : 226
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9783642051012
ISBN-13 : 3642051014
Rating : 4/5 (12 Downloads)

Synopsis Ubiquitous Quantum Structure by : Andrei Y. Khrennikov

Quantum-like structure is present practically everywhere. Quantum-like (QL) models, i.e. models based on the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics and its generalizations can be successfully applied to cognitive science, psychology, genetics, economics, finances, and game theory. This book is not about quantum mechanics as a physical theory. The short review of quantum postulates is therefore mainly of historical value: quantum mechanics is just the first example of the successful application of non-Kolmogorov probabilities, the first step towards a contextual probabilistic description of natural, biological, psychological, social, economical or financial phenomena. A general contextual probabilistic model (Växjö model) is presented. It can be used for describing probabilities in both quantum and classical (statistical) mechanics as well as in the above mentioned phenomena. This model can be represented in a quantum-like way, namely, in complex and more general Hilbert spaces. In this way quantum probability is totally demystified: Born's representation of quantum probabilities by complex probability amplitudes, wave functions, is simply a special representation of this type.

Quantum Models of Cognition and Decision

Quantum Models of Cognition and Decision
Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Total Pages : 425
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9781107011991
ISBN-13 : 110701199X
Rating : 4/5 (91 Downloads)

Synopsis Quantum Models of Cognition and Decision by : Jerome R. Busemeyer

Introduces principles drawn from quantum theory to present a new framework for modeling human cognition and decision.

Information Dynamics in Cognitive, Psychological, Social, and Anomalous Phenomena

Information Dynamics in Cognitive, Psychological, Social, and Anomalous Phenomena
Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages : 250
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9789401704793
ISBN-13 : 9401704791
Rating : 4/5 (93 Downloads)

Synopsis Information Dynamics in Cognitive, Psychological, Social, and Anomalous Phenomena by : Andrei Y. Khrennikov

In this book we develop various mathematical models of information dynamics, I -dynamics (including the process of thinking), based on methods of classical and quantum physics. The main aim of our investigations is to describe mathematically the phenomenon of consciousness. We would like to realize a kind of Newton-Descartes program (corrected by the lessons of statistical and quantum mechanics) for information processes. Starting from the ideas of Newton and Descartes, in physics there was developed an adequate description of the dynamics of material systems. We would like to develop an analogous mathematical formalism for information and, in particular, mental processes. At the beginning of the 21st century it is clear that it would be impossible to create a deterministic model for general information processes. A deterministic model has to be completed by a corresponding statistical model of information flows and, in particular, flows of minds. It might be that such an information statistical model should have a quantum-like structure.

Contextual Approach to Quantum Formalism

Contextual Approach to Quantum Formalism
Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages : 354
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9781402095931
ISBN-13 : 1402095937
Rating : 4/5 (31 Downloads)

Synopsis Contextual Approach to Quantum Formalism by : Andrei Y. Khrennikov

The aim of this book is to show that the probabilistic formalisms of classical statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics can be unified on the basis of a general contextual probabilistic model. By taking into account the dependence of (classical) probabilities on contexts (i.e. complexes of physical conditions), one can reproduce all distinct features of quantum probabilities such as the interference of probabilities and the violation of Bell’s inequality. Moreover, by starting with a formula for the interference of probabilities (which generalizes the well known classical formula of total probability), one can construct the representation of contextual probabilities by complex probability amplitudes or, in the abstract formalism, by normalized vectors of the complex Hilbert space or its hyperbolic generalization. Thus the Hilbert space representation of probabilities can be naturally derived from classical probabilistic assumptions. An important chapter of the book critically reviews known no-go theorems: the impossibility to establish a finer description of micro-phenomena than provided by quantum mechanics; and, in particular, the commonly accepted consequences of Bell’s theorem (including quantum non-locality). Also, possible applications of the contextual probabilistic model and its quantum-like representation in complex Hilbert spaces in other fields (e.g. in cognitive science and psychology) are discussed.

Quantum Social Science

Quantum Social Science
Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Total Pages : 305
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9781139851497
ISBN-13 : 1139851497
Rating : 4/5 (97 Downloads)

Synopsis Quantum Social Science by : Emmanuel Haven

Written by world experts in the foundations of quantum mechanics and its applications to social science, this book shows how elementary quantum mechanical principles can be applied to decision-making paradoxes in psychology and used in modelling information in finance and economics. The book starts with a thorough overview of some of the salient differences between classical, statistical and quantum mechanics. It presents arguments on why quantum mechanics can be applied outside of physics and defines quantum social science. The issue of the existence of quantum probabilistic effects in psychology, economics and finance is addressed and basic questions and answers are provided. Aimed at researchers in economics and psychology, as well as physics, basic mathematical preliminaries and elementary concepts from quantum mechanics are defined in a self-contained way.

Interpersonal Coordination and Performance in Social Systems

Interpersonal Coordination and Performance in Social Systems
Author :
Publisher : Routledge
Total Pages : 407
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9781317458449
ISBN-13 : 1317458443
Rating : 4/5 (49 Downloads)

Synopsis Interpersonal Coordination and Performance in Social Systems by : Pedro Passos

Interpersonal coordination is an important feature of all social systems. From everyday activities to playing sport and participating in the performing arts, human behaviour is constrained by the need to continually interact with others. This book examines how interpersonal coordination tendencies in social systems emerge, across a range of contexts and at different scales, with the aim of helping practitioners to understand collective behaviours and create learning environments to improve performance. Showcasing the latest research from scientists and academics, this collection of studies examines how and why interpersonal coordination is crucial for success in sport and the performing arts. It explains the complex science of interpersonal coordination in relation to a variety of activities including competitive team sports, outdoor sports, racket sports, and martial arts, as well as dance. Divided into four sections, this book offers insight into: the nature, history and key concepts of interpersonal coordination factors that influence interpersonal coordination within social systems interpersonal coordination in competitive and cooperative performance contexts methods, tools and devices for improving performance through interpersonal coordination. This book will provide fascinating insights for students, researchers and educators interested in movement science, performance analysis, sport science and psychology, as well as for those working in the performing arts.

WITTGENSTEINIAN (adj.)

WITTGENSTEINIAN (adj.)
Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
Total Pages : 565
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9783030275693
ISBN-13 : 3030275698
Rating : 4/5 (93 Downloads)

Synopsis WITTGENSTEINIAN (adj.) by : Shyam Wuppuluri

“Tell me," Wittgenstein once asked a friend, "why do people always say, it was natural for man to assume that the sun went round the earth rather than that the earth was rotating?" His friend replied, "Well, obviously because it just looks as though the Sun is going round the Earth." Wittgenstein replied, "Well, what would it have looked like if it had looked as though the Earth was rotating?” What would it have looked like if we looked at all sciences from the viewpoint of Wittgenstein’s philosophy? Wittgenstein is undoubtedly one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century. His complex body of work has been analysed by numerous scholars, from mathematicians and physicists, to philosophers, linguists, and beyond. This volume brings together some of his central perspectives as applied to the modern sciences and studies the influence they may have on the thought processes underlying science and on the world view it engenders. The contributions stem from leading scholars in philosophy, mathematics, physics, economics, psychology and human sciences; all of them have written in an accessible style that demands little specialist knowledge, whilst clearly portraying and discussing the deep issues at hand.

Quanta and Mind

Quanta and Mind
Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
Total Pages : 261
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9783030219086
ISBN-13 : 3030219089
Rating : 4/5 (86 Downloads)

Synopsis Quanta and Mind by : J. Acacio de Barros

This edited volume examines aspects of the mind/consciousness that are relevant to the interpretations of quantum mechanics. In it, an international group of contributors focus on the possible connections between quantum mechanics and consciousness. They look at how consciousness can help us with quantum mechanics as well as how quantum mechanics can contribute to our understanding of consciousness. For example, what do different interpretations aimed at solving the measurement problem in quantum mechanics tell us about the nature of consciousness, such as von Neumann's interpretation? Each interpretation has, associated to it, a corresponding metaphysical framework that helps us think about possible “models” of consciousness. Alternatively, what does the nature of consciousness tell us about the role of the observer and time reversibility in the measurement process? The book features 20 papers on contemporary approaches to quanta and mind. It brings together the work of scholars from different disciplines with diverse views on the connections between quanta and mind, ranging from those who are supportive of a link between consciousness and quantum physics to those who are very skeptical of such link. Coverage includes such topics as free will in a quantum world, contextuality and causality, mind and matter interaction, quantum panpsychism, the quantum and quantum-like brain, and the role of time in brain-mind dynamics.

Modeling and Using Context

Modeling and Using Context
Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
Total Pages : 270
Release :
ISBN-10 : 9783030349745
ISBN-13 : 3030349748
Rating : 4/5 (45 Downloads)

Synopsis Modeling and Using Context by : Gábor Bella

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 11th International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context, CONTEXT 2019, held in Trento, Italy, in November 2019. The 20 full papers and 4 invited talks presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 submissions. The papers feature research in a wide range of disciplines related to issues of context and contextual knowledge and discuss commonalities across and differences between the disciplines' approaches to the study of context. They cover a large spectrum of fields, including philosophy of language and of science, computational papers on context-aware information systems, artificial intelligence, and computational linguistics, as well as cognitive and social sciences.