Provides an account of the preparation, properties, and uses of the more important bi- and tri-cyclic ring systems incorporating the pyrazine ring. The first 18 chapters survey the developments in the chemistry of quinoxalines since the appearance in 1953 of a previous monograph in this series. The subsequent 22 chapters provide the first authoritative reviews of the chemistry of such important related ring systems as the pyrrolopyrazines.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution in carbo- and heteroaromatic systems is a subject of considerable interest to chemists. This book uniquely addresses the systematic analysis of a vast range of nucleophilic substitutions of aromatic hydrogen. - Nucleophilic displacement of hydrogen (the S N/H reactions) in pi-deficient aromatics, such as nitroarenes, arene-metal complexes, and the like - Nucleophilic displacement of hydrogen in heterocyclic substrates such as pyridines, their aza and benzo analogs, pyrylium and thiapyrylium cations, and other heterocycles - Mechanisms for the S N/H reactions (S N/H(AE), vicarious nucleophilic substitutions, and radical S N/H substitutions

Complete coverage of chemical literature on simple pyrazines recorded in Beilstein to 1929, and Chemical Abstracts through 1978 (volume 89), together with selected references to 1980. Describes their history, occurrence, biological activity and uses, and nomenclature. Classified primary syntheses of pyrazines according to the starting materials employed. Treats primary syntheses of pyrazine N-oxides. Details syntheses, properties and reactions of alkyl, halogeno, hydroxy, mercapto, amino and carboxy pyrazines and their derivative and related compounds. Extensive table lists known simple pyrazines, physical data such as melting points and boiling points, and references.

Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Volume 144 highlights new advances in the field, with this volume presenting chapters on Metal free C-H functionalization of aromatic and non-aromatic heterocyclic systems, Divergent Total Synthesis of Indolizidine-, Quinolizidine-, and Decahydroquinoline-type Poison-frog Alkaloids, A perspective on the synthetic potential of bio-based building blocks for heterocyclic chemistry, Recent advances in the synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted oxetanes, and Pyrrole-based chemosensors: Recent trends. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry

This book provides a comprehensive presentation of all aspects of heterocyclic N-oxides. Topics discussed include the preparation of these compounds by N-oxidation of heterocycles and simultaneous synthesis of the ring and formation of the N-oxide group; general spectroscopic characteristics and molecular structure; and reactions and recently devel

The Uniqueness of Biological Materials deals with the unique properties of biological materials, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and the extent to which this uniqueness is related to the uniqueness of life in general. More specifically, it examines whether the uniqueness of life is inherent in the material of living organisms. This volume is comprised of 32 chapters and begins with an introduction to the nature of biological uniqueness and how it is related to the uniqueness of life by comparing the elemental composition of living organisms with that of their environment. The discussion then turns to the uniqueness of hydrogen and oxygen which make up water; carbon; carbohydrates; and ternary compounds that are more fully oxidized than carbohydrates. Ternary compounds of intermediate grades of reduction are also considered, along with fatty acids and related lipids, paraffins, and olefins and ternary unsaturated compounds. Other biological materials discussed include peptides, proteins, amino acids, and halogens. This book will be of interest to students and practitioners of biology and biochemistry.

A presentation of developments in the electrochemistry of C60 and related compounds, electroenzymatic synthesis, conducting polymers, and electrochemical partial fluorination. It contains accounts of carbonyl compounds, anodic oxidation of oxygen-containing compounds, electrosynthesis of bioactive materials, electrolyte reductive coupling, and more.