Excerpt from Combustion Experiments With North Dakota Lignite The Bureau of Mines is conducting an extensive investigation of methods of burning different fuels under power-plant boilers and in house-heating furnaces, with a view to effecting improvement of the methods or equipment, thus decreasing waste and promoting a more efficient utilization of fuel resources. Some of the publications that the bureau has issued on the economical use of coal are Tech nical Paper 80, Hand Firing Soft Coal Under power-plant Boil ers; Technical Paper 97, Saving Fuel in Heating a House; Technical Paper 137, Combustion in the Fuel Bed of hand-fired Furnaces; Technical Paper 139, low-rate Combustion in Fuel Beds of hand-fired Furnaces; Technical Paper 180, Firing Bitu minous Coals in Large house-heating Boilers; Technical Paper 199, Five Ways of Saving Coal in Heating Houses; and Bulletin 135, Combustion of Coal and Design of Furnaces. This paper gives the results of combustion tests of North Dakota lignite burned in two forms - natural lignite as it comes from the mine and the carbonized residue from gas retorts. The tests were made by burning the fuels at various rates in experimental furnaces and by studying the processes of combustion. The information thus obtained was used in determining some of the general principles on which a successful furnace can be developed for use under power plant boilers and for house-heating apparatus. A small furnace of this character was designed and tested with promising results. All the experiments were conducted in the fuel-efficiency laboratory of the Bureau of Mines, at Pittsburgh, Pa. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from North Dakota Lignite as a Fuel for Power-Plant Boilers Acknowledgments - Credit is due to A. A. Storrs and G. O. Sanford, the Reclamation Service engineers directly in charge of the Williston project, who had all changes made in the boiler - plant equipment that were necessary for the tests. J. M. Fine, engineer in charge of the power plant, and John G. Cunningham both rendered valuable assist ance in connection with the operation of the boiler under test. Related investigations - The fuel researches of the Geological Survey, which had their beginning under an appropriation made by Congress on February 4, 1904, for testing fuel at the Louisiana Purchase Expo sition, embraced not only the field study of mineral - fuel deposits, but also analyses and tests to determine the quality of the deposits, their adaptability to specific uses, and the methods by which they could be utilized to best advantage. In the course of these investigations the Survey collected and analyzed thousands of samples and made a great number of tests, such as washing, briquetting, coking, steaming, and producer-gas tests, to ascertain the fuel value of the peat, lignite, or coal under fixed conditions, its relative suitability for a given purpose, and the possibility of increasing its efficiency. Results of these tests are given in many of the bulletins listed at the end of this report. The act of Congress of May 16, 1910, which established a Bureau of Mines, transferred to this bureau the work of analyzing and testing fuels that was being carried on by the Geological Survey. The act became effective July 1, 1910. Hence the Bureau of Mines is publishing a considerable number of reports, of which this is one, dealing with investigations made by the Geological Survey prior to that date. Objects of the tests - The primary object of the tests was to show that the lignite coals of North Dakota are suitable for making steam. The secondary objects were to determine the effect of the size and the weathering of coal on economy and to determine whether anything is gained by superheating the steam used in the Argand steam blowers. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The 1965 Lignite Symposium, the fourth in a series and the third sponsored by the University of North Dakota, and the Bureau of Mines, was held at Bismark, N. Dak., on April 29-30, 1965. These symposia provide a forum for those interested in the technology and utilization of solid fuels, especially lignitic coals. As part of the meeting, a 200-mile field trip was taken including inspection of (1) the 200-metawatt, pulverized lignite-fired Leland Olds plant of Basin Electric Power Cooperative, under construction near Stanton, N. Dak.; (2) the site of the Glenharold mine of the Truax-Traer Coal Co., Division of Consolidation Coal Co., where a wheel excavator was being assembled; (3) the operating Beulah mine of Knife River Coal Mining Co., subsidiary fo Montana Dakota Utilities Co., near Beulah, N. Dak.; and (4) the 400-megawatt, hydroelectric Garrison Dam powerplant, near Garrison, N. Dak. During the technical sessions, 13 papers were presented covering some the recent trends, development, and research in lignite technology. The text of these papers is compiled to provide a record of the symposium and to allow wider dissemination of the information. Proceedings of the previous symposia have been published.