Explaining what CWDM is, how it is achieved, and why it should be deployed, Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing: Technologies and Applications merges coverage of isolated aspects of Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) traditionally found as device-related or specific system topics. Emphasizing cost savings and performance enhancement, the book integrates information on component issues, system architectures, concepts for extensions and upgrades, as well as practical applications into a comprehensive, single-volume resource. Beginning with a summary of the ITU-T standards defining CWDM, the book addresses the three essential component classes, optical fibers, transceivers, and WDM filters, which combine to form the basis for the CWDM transmission link. The following chapters include coverage of different architectures such as hubbed rings and meshed networks, and upgrade paths to overcome limitations of current CWDM systems. The book outlines the feasibility of optically amplified CWDM systems, investigates the challenges present with high-speed CWDM and bidirectional transmission, and finally elucidates the importance of CWDM for a wide range of applications. Each chapter provides sufficient information to be used independently and contains references to relevant papers and articles for further study. The last sections of the book focus on applications and case studies where CWDM plays an ever-increasing role. They include extensive studies on networking, reach extension by amplification, and the latest concepts of transmission capacity upgrades using increased bit-rates or new channel plans. Filled with practical information, the book provides a clear understanding of recent developments in the dynamic field of CWDM.

In this book, Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is approached from a strictly practical and application-oriented point of view. Based on the characteristics and constraints of modern fiber-optic components, transport systems and fibers, the text provides relevant rules of thumb and practical hints for technology selection, WDM system and link dimensioning, and also for network-related aspects such as wavelength assignment and resilience mechanisms. Actual 10/40 Gb/s WDM systems are considered, and a preview of the upcoming 100 Gb/s systems and technologies for even higher bit rates is given as well. Key features: Considers WDM from ULH backbone (big picture view) down to PON access (micro view). Includes all major telecom and datacom applications. Provides the relevant background for state-of-the-art and next-gen systems. Offers practical guidelines for system / link engineering.

Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) enables multiple communication links to use a common transmission fiber by transmitting a multitude of different wavelengths at the same time. This chapter describes WDM technology, including options such as coarse and dense WDM defined by standards such as ITU-T Recommendations G.652 to G.657. The wavelength spectrum allocation for the L-, C-, S-, E-, and O-bands is discussed. Related technologies, such as time-division multiplexing and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, are also described in this context. Topics include service mapping using the generic framing procedure and virtual concatenation, technology for optical transceivers and filters, reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers, fiber Bragg gratings, and array waveguides. WDM link budgets and noise sources are also discussed, including rings and other topologies, protection schemes, dispersion compensating fiber, equalization, and modulation options including extensions to 100G.

This leading-edge resource provides you with comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of the principles, technologies, standards and applications of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM). Essential reading for technical and business professionals alike, this volume will enable you to: understand how DWDM components, devices and networks operate, examine the configuration and design trade-offs of current DWDM components and systems, assess the latest standards for optical network management, discover recent technological developments, and decide the direction and most promising areas for future R& D in the field.

This book provides a step-by-step discussion through each topic of fiber optics. Each chapter explores theoretical concepts of principles and then applies them by using experimental cases with numerous illustrations. The book works systematically through fiber optic cables, advanced fiber optic cables, light attenuation in optical components, fiber optic cable types and installations, fiber optic connectors, passive fiber optic devices, wavelength division multiplexing, optical amplifiers, optical receivers, opto-mechanical switches, and optical fiber communications. It includes important chapters in fiber optic lighting, fiber optics testing, and laboratory safety.

5G NR: Architecture, Technology, Implementation, and Operation of 3GPP New Radio Standards is an in-depth, systematic, technical reference on 3GPP’s New Radio standards (Release 15 and beyond), covering the underlying theory, functional descriptions, practical considerations, and implementation of the 5G new radio access technology. The book describes the design and operation of individual components and shows how they are integrated into the overall system and operate from a system’s perspective. Uniquely, this book gives detailed information on RAN protocol layers, transports, network architectures, and services, as well as practical implementation and deployment issues, making it suitable for researchers and engineers who are designing and developing 5G systems.Reflecting on the author's 30 plus years of experience in signal processing, microelectronics, and wireless communication system design, this book is ideal for professional engineers, researchers, and graduate students who are working and researching in cellular communication systems and protocols as well as mobile broadband wireless standards. Features strong focus on practical considerations, implementation, and deployment issues Takes a top-down approach to explain system operation and functional interconnection Covers all functional components, features, and interfaces based on clear protocol structure and block diagrams Describes RF and transceiver design considerations in sub-6 GHz and mmWave bands Covers network slicing, SDN/NFV/MEC networks and cloud, and virtualized RAN architectures Comprehensive coverage of NR multiantenna techniques and beamformed operation A consistent and integrated coverage reflecting the author’s decades of experience in developing 3G, 4G, and 5G technologies and writing two successful books in these areas

Volume IIIA Basic TechniquesHandbook of Crystal Growth, Second Edition Volume IIIA (Basic Techniques), edited by chemical and biological engineering expert Thomas F. Kuech, presents the underpinning science and technology associated with epitaxial growth as well as highlighting many of the chief and burgeoning areas for epitaxial growth. Volume IIIA focuses on major growth techniques which are used both in the scientific investigation of crystal growth processes and commercial development of advanced epitaxial structures. Techniques based on vacuum deposition, vapor phase epitaxy, and liquid and solid phase epitaxy are presented along with new techniques for the development of three-dimensional nano-and micro-structures.Volume IIIB Materials, Processes, and TechnologyHandbook of Crystal Growth, Second Edition Volume IIIB (Materials, Processes, and Technology), edited by chemical and biological engineering expert Thomas F. Kuech, describes both specific techniques for epitaxial growth as well as an array of materials-specific growth processes. The volume begins by presenting variations on epitaxial growth process where the kinetic processes are used to develop new types of materials at low temperatures. Optical and physical characterizations of epitaxial films are discussed for both in situ and exit to characterization of epitaxial materials. The remainder of the volume presents both the epitaxial growth processes associated with key technology materials as well as unique structures such as monolayer and two dimensional materials.Volume IIIA Basic Techniques - Provides an introduction to the chief epitaxial growth processes and the underpinning scientific concepts used to understand and develop new processes. - Presents new techniques and technologies for the development of three-dimensional structures such as quantum dots, nano-wires, rods and patterned growth - Introduces and utilizes basic concepts of thermodynamics, transport, and a wide cross-section of kinetic processes which form the atomic level text of growth process Volume IIIB Materials, Processes, and Technology - Describes atomic level epitaxial deposition and other low temperature growth techniques - Presents both the development of thermal and lattice mismatched streams as the techniques used to characterize the structural properties of these materials - Presents in-depth discussion of the epitaxial growth techniques associated with silicone silicone-based materials, compound semiconductors, semiconducting nitrides, and refractory materials