An ideal health care system relies on efficiently generating timely, accurate evidence to deliver on its promise of diminishing the divide between clinical practice and research. There are growing indications, however, that the current health care system and the clinical research that guides medical decisions in the United States falls far short of this vision. The process of generating medical evidence through clinical trials in the United States is expensive and lengthy, includes a number of regulatory hurdles, and is based on a limited infrastructure. The link between clinical research and medical progress is also frequently misunderstood or unsupported by both patients and providers. The focus of clinical research changes as diseases emerge and new treatments create cures for old conditions. As diseases evolve, the ultimate goal remains to speed new and improved medical treatments to patients throughout the world. To keep pace with rapidly changing health care demands, clinical research resources need to be organized and on hand to address the numerous health care questions that continually emerge. Improving the overall capacity of the clinical research enterprise will depend on ensuring that there is an adequate infrastructure in place to support the investigators who conduct research, the patients with real diseases who volunteer to participate in experimental research, and the institutions that organize and carry out the trials. To address these issues and better understand the current state of clinical research in the United States, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation held a 2-day workshop entitled Transforming Clinical Research in the United States. The workshop, summarized in this volume, laid the foundation for a broader initiative of the Forum addressing different aspects of clinical research. Future Forum plans include further examining regulatory, administrative, and structural barriers to the effective conduct of clinical research; developing a vision for a stable, continuously funded clinical research infrastructure in the United States; and considering strategies and collaborative activities to facilitate more robust public engagement in the clinical research enterprise.

Although a very fragile structure, the skin barrier is probably one of the most important organs of the body. Inward/out it is responsible for body integrity and outward/in for keeping microbes, chemicals, and allergens from penetrating the skin. Since the role of barrier integrity in atopic dermatitis and the relationship to filaggrin mutations was discovered a decade ago, research focus has been on the skin barrier, and numerous new publications have become available. This book is an interdisciplinary update offering a wide range of information on the subject. It covers new basic research on skin markers, including results on filaggrin and on methods for the assessment of the barrier function. Biological variation and aspects of skin barrier function restoration are discussed as well. Further sections are dedicated to clinical implications of skin barrier integrity, factors influencing the penetration of the skin, influence of wet work, and guidance for prevention and saving the barrier. Distinguished researchers have contributed to this book, providing a comprehensive and thorough overview of the skin barrier function. Researchers in the field, dermatologists, occupational physicians, and related industry will find this publication an essential source of information.

Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Clinical Pharmacy Education, Practice and Research offers readers a solid foundation in clinical pharmacy and related sciences through contributions by 83 leading experts in the field from 25 countries. This book stresses educational approaches that empower pharmacists with patient care and research competencies. The learning objectives and writing style of the book focus on clarifying the concepts comprehensively for a pharmacist, from regular patient counseling to pharmacogenomics practice. It covers all interesting topics a pharmacist should know. This book serves as a basis to standardize and coordinate learning to practice, explaining basics and using self-learning strategies through online resources or other advanced texts. With an educational approach, it guides pharmacy students and pharmacists to learn quickly and apply. Clinical Pharmacy Education, Practice and Research provides an essential foundation for pharmacy students and pharmacists globally. - Covers the core information needed for pharmacy practice courses - Includes multiple case studies and practical situations with 70% focused on practical clinical pharmacology knowledge - Designed for educational settings, but also useful as a refresher for advanced students and researchers

Striking the right balance between public health priorities and health innovation is a critical policy challenge for India given their mutually conflicting nature and interests. India has a huge burden of diseases implicated by a gamut of health problems including the uneven distribution of demographic and epidemiological transition, threat of new infectious disease pandemic like COVID 19, increasing privatisation of healthcare, low affordability to life saving medicines and most importantly the escalating healthcare expenditure coupled with poor financial risk protection. The central question that the book addresses is whether health innovation in India is sensitive to the public health needs and priorities. It unearths the overriding issues related to responsiveness and equity in India's health innovation. The book highlights the need for a responsible innovation framework for India that balances the priorities of public health and the industry goals.

Asia is increasingly taking on a leading role in the fields of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and ethics, two areas that are central to clinical research practices worldwide. Clinical research in Asia examines the evolution of these key sectors in the Asian countries where the greatest developments are taking place, offering valuable perspectives on a wide range of issues affecting clinical research. Following an introduction that provides an overview of the topic and its strengths and weaknesses, each chapter of the book is devoted to clinical research in a specific country, focusing on issues including the history and evolution of clinical research, clinical trials and regulatory aspects. The chapters also offer a perspective on future trends in clinical research in each country. The book concludes with a discussion of the importance of political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal and environmental factors (PESTLE analysis). - Analysis from a leading and highly respected professional in the sector - An overview of country-specific regulatory environments - Discussion of challenges and solutions for clinical research

There is considerable interest, both nationally and internationally, in conducting dementia research in India. Motivated by a rapid increase in the aging population and a desire for indigenous, self-sufficient healthcare and medical research, dementia research in India is on course for rapid growth in the coming years. Several challenges will have to be overcome along the way. A solid and general clinical research culture and a supportive healthcare system, both tailored to the specific needs of the dementia field and its vulnerable patient population, will have to be established through careful guidance of government regulators and collaborations with academic, industry and public stakeholders both in and outside India.