This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This open access book discusses basic clinical concepts of myopia, prevention of progression and surgical treatments for myopia and pathological myopia. It also summarises the latest evidence and best practices for managing myopia, high myopia and its complications. Written by leading experts, the book addresses clinical diagnosis and interpretation of imaging modalities, and various complications of myopia such as glaucoma, choroidal neovascularization, retinal degeneration and cataracts. It is a valuable comprehensive resource for general and sub-specialist ophthalmologists as well as residents and ophthalmologists in training.; This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.

Clinical Management of Myopia is the first optometry book to address both clinical studies and the new clinical applications available for practitioners treating myopic patients. * - first clinical reference addressing refractive surgery, orthokeratology, contact lenses and drug therapies specific to myopia * - the one source practitioners need for the latest and most complete information on the correction, control, and reduction of myopia * - authors have excellent reputations: Dr. Grosvenor wrote the landmark study on myopia control and Dr. Goss wrote the American Optometric Association's Guidelines on Myopia (standard procedure for all optometrists to follow)

There is a need for comprehensive books that provide crucial information in a clear and direct manner, particularly in the medical field. Currently, there are limited resources available to students and clinicians that provide step-by-step procedures with pictures on how to examine the eye in the pediatric population. The Pediatric Eye Exam Quick Reference Guide: Office and Emergency Room Procedures is a clinical procedure book to provide step-by-step pediatric eye care examination techniques and is an important addition to the field of eye care. The chapters are written by leading pediatric optometrists and ophthalmologists in the field. Years of academic and clinical experiences from schools of optometry, hospital-based eye care, and private practice are all presented in a user-friendly format with clinical pearls and insights that will help any clinician perform a pediatric eye exam easily and efficiently. Covering a range of critical topics such as pupil examination, visual field testing, refraction, and ocular emergencies and providing pictures, it is ideal for all students, residents, academicians, trainers, and novel and seasoned clinicians who are interested in learning how to examine a pediatric patient and staying on top of the latest pediatric eye care procedures.

Pathologic Myopia is a major cause of severe vision loss worldwide. The mechanisms for vision loss include cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and above all, myopic maculopathy within the posterior staphyloma. The first edition of Pathologic Myopia is one of the only current books to specifically address this disease and discusses recent developments in imaging technologies and various approaches to treatments, such as laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, pharmaco-therapeutic injections in the vitreous, and surgery. This new edition is a timely update to the standard reference in the field, with new chapters on advanced refractive error correction, genetics, developing a classification system, and special surgical approaches for pathologic myopia. Complete with even more high-quality color images and informative tables, this book is written and edited by leaders in the field and is geared towards ophthalmologists, including residents and fellows in training, glaucoma and cataract specialists, and vitreoretinal macula experts.

This fourth edition of Clinical Management of Binocular Vision uses the past five years of research studies and literature to provide an accurate look at today’s diagnosis and treatment of binocular vision. Written with an emphasis on proper evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment, each condition is covered in-depth and includes background information, symptoms, case analysis, and management options. This edition also includes the latest information on new vision therapy equipment. Easy to read and understand, this book is ideal for faculty when designing courses, students studying these topics for the first time, or established practitioners looking for a practical, easy-to-use reference on accommodative, ocular motility, and nonstrabismic vision anomalies.

An introduction to the theory and practice of optometry in one succinct volume. From the fundamental science of vision to clinical techniques and the management of common ocular conditions, this book encompasses the essence of contemporary optometric practice. Now in full colour and featuring over 400 new illustrations, this popular text which will appeal to both students and practitioners wishing to keep up to date has been revised significantly. The new edition incorporates recent advances in technology and a complete overview of clinical procedures to improve and update everyday patient care. Contributions from well-known international experts deliver a broad perspective and understanding of current optometric practice. A useful aid for students and the newly qualified practitioner, while providing a rapid reference guide for the more experienced clinician. - Comprehensive and logical coverage detailing the full spectrum of optometric practice in one volume. - Succinctly covers the basics of anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, investigative techniques and clinical management of common eye conditions to provide key topics likely to be met in clinical practice. - Discusses the full range of refractive correction, from spectacles and contact lenses to surgical treatment. - Includes chapters on the management of special populations, including paediatric, elderly, low vision and special needs patients. - Heavily illustrated throughout with key diagrams and images to support the text. - Complete restructuring of contents into three sections: basic sciences, clinical techniques and patient management. - Full colour throughout with over 400 illustrations. - Many new chapters reflecting the changes in optometric practice and technology over the last 20 years, including new imaging and diagnostic procedures and methods of ocular treatment and refractive correction. - Now includes internationally renowned authors from around the world. - Details a full range of refractive and management approaches for patient care.

Myopia is a common ocular condition affecting approximately 1.6 billion people worldwide. An increasing trend of myopia has been observed throughout the world and the prevalence of myopia is expected to increase to 2.5 billion by the year 2020. This book focuses on definition, mechanisms, optics, refraction, clinical presentation, complications and management of myopia in regards of recent advances. Myopia (nearsightedness) is a refractive error (ametropia) that occurs when parallel rays of light entering the non-accommodating eye are not focused on the retina. As a result, images of distant objects are focused in front of the retina and thus appear blurred. Myopia is the most common eyesight problem in the world and is often mild and there are no serious problems. However, it may sometimes lead to blindness. Myopia can be corrected with spherical lenses, contact lenses or with refractive surgery. The book gives an overview of myopia from definition, etiology to surgical treatment. Contents are based on recent findings published in the medical literature and reflect the most advanced achievements in current clinical and experimental research on myopia. This book presents relevant information that students, optometrists, orthoptists, ophthalmologists as well as scientists involved in clinical and basic research on myopia need to know about this important topic.

Section 1. Epidemiology and risk factors. ch. 1.1. Epidemiology of myopia and myopic shift in refraction / Barbara E.K. Klein. ch. 1.2. Environmental risk factors for myopia in children / Wilson C.J. Low, Tien-Yin Wong and Seang-Mei Saw. ch. 1.3. Gene-environment interactions in the aetiology of myopia / Ian G. Morgan and Kathryn A. Rose. ch. 1.4. The economics of myopia / Marcus C.C. Lim and Kevin D. Frick -- Section 2. Clinical studies and pathologic myopia. ch. 2.1. Quality of life and myopia / Ecosse L. Lamoureux and Hwee-Bee Wong. ch. 2.2. Ocular morbidity of pathological myopia / V. Swetha E. Jeganathan, Seang-Mei Saw and Tien-Yin Wong. ch. 2.3. Myopia and glaucoma / Shamira A. Perera and Tin Aung. ch. 2.4. The myopic retina / Shu-Yen Lee. ch. 2.5. Retinal function / Chi D. Luu and Audrey W.L. Chia -- Section 3. Genetics of myopia. ch. 3.1. New approaches in the genetics of myopia / Liang K. Goh, Ravikanth Metlapally and Terri Young. ch. 3.2. Twins studies and myopia / Maria Schäche and Paul N. Baird. ch. 3.3. TIGR, TGFB1, cMET, HGF, collagen genes, and myopia / Chiea-Chuen Khor. ch. 3.4. Statistical analysis of genome-wide association studies for myopia / Yi-Ju Li and Qiao Fan -- Section 4. Animal models and the biological basis of myopia. ch. 4.1. The relevance of studies in chicks for understanding myopia in humans / Josh Wallman and Debora L. Nickla. ch. 4.2. The mechanisms regulating scleral change in myopia / Neville A. McBrien. ch. 4.3. The mouse model of myopia / Frank Schaeffel. ch. 4.4. Gene analysis in experimental animal models of myopia / Roger W. Beuerman, Liang K. Goh and Veluchamy A. Barathi -- Section 5. Interventions for myopia. ch. 5.1. Atropine and other pharmacological approaches to prevent myopia / Louis M.G. Tong, Veluchamy A. Barathi and Roger W. Beuerman. ch. 5.2. Physical factors in myopia and potential therapies / Wallace S. Foulds and Chi D. Luu

This book serves as an introductory reference on clinical aspects of glaucoma and myopia, providing essential guidelines for diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma progression in patients, especially those with high myopias. Many clinical studies are presented by leading experts in the field in an accessible style, making the content suitable not only for ophthalmologists but also for optometrists and certified orthoptists as well as for students. The relation between myopia and glaucoma has been the subject of many clinical trials and population-based studies. Most of the data has suggested that moderate to high myopia is associated with increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, and ocular hypertension. There are several factors involved in the diagnosis of glaucoma, but it is often difficult to determine the presence of glaucoma in myopic eyes. A myopic eye, especially in cases of moderate to high myopia, tends to have a thin retina and choroid and to appear thinner than normal. Even with new imaging technologies with improved sensitivity and specificity for detecting glaucoma, each technology presents some challenges when assessing myopic eyes. This book furnishes an overview of these diagnostic challenges with reference to the growing prevalence and severity of myopia in various parts of the world, providing many valuable hands-on reports and clinical studies by authoritative authors. This knowledge will help to do away with the vague area between high myopia and glaucoma faced by clinicians.