Electroencephalography is truly an interdisciplinary endeavor, involving concepts and techniques from a variety of different disciplines. Included are basic physics, neuro physiology, electrophysiology, electrochemistry, electronics, and electrical engineer ing, as well as neurology. Given this interesting and diverse mixture of areas, the train ing of an EEG technician, a neurology resident, or an EEG researcher in the basics of clinical electroencephalography presents an uncommon challenge. In the realm of technology, it is relatively easy to obtain a technically adequate EEG simply by learning to follow a protocol and by correctly setting the various switches on the EEG machine at the right time. But experience has shown that the ability to obtain high-quality EEGs on a routine, day-to-day basis from a wide variety of patients requires understanding and knowledge beyond what is learned by rote. Likewise, knowledge above and beyond what is gained by simple participation in an EEG reading is necessary to correctly and comprehensively interpret the record. Such knowledge comes from an understanding of the basic principles upon which the practice of clinical EEG is founded - principles that derive from the various disciplines cited.

The leading reference on electroencephalography since 1982, Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography is now in its thoroughly updated Sixth Edition. An international group of experts provides comprehensive coverage of the neurophysiologic and technical aspects of EEG, evoked potentials, and magnetoencephalography, as well as the clinical applications of these studies in neonates, infants, children, adults, and older adults. This edition's new lead editor, Donald Schomer, MD, has updated the technical information and added a major new chapter on artifacts. Other highlights include complete coverage of EEG in the intensive care unit and new chapters on integrating other recording devices with EEG; transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation; EEG/TMS in evaluation of cognitive and mood disorders; and sleep in premature infants, children and adolescents, and the elderly. A companion website includes fully searchable text and image bank.

Imaging procedures have been used for many years and are becoming increasingly important in a number of medical disciplines. This is due to recent technological advances, primarily computerization. The meth ods employed in CNS diagnostics are collectively referred to as "neu roimaging" and include procedures for investigating both cerebral morphology and cerebral function, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomogra phy (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Topographic mapping of electroencephalograms (EEG) and evoked potentials represents one of the functional procedures and per mits topographic imaging of EEG, evoked potentials, and magnetic fields. The latter application includes not only magnetic fields evoked by stimuli relating to different sensory modalities, but also endogenous and motor fields resulting from spontaneous brain magnetic activity, as recorded by magnetoencephalograms (MEG), the magnetic comple ment of the EEG. The advantage of recording electric and magnetic fields over other neuroimaging procedures is that these techniques are completely noninvasive and have extremely short analysis times (in the millisecond range). The aim of this book is to clarify the current state of this emerging technology, to assess its potential for substantive contributions to brain research, to delineate areas for further research and, over all, to envis age clinical applications in disciplines such as psychiatry, neurology, and neuropsychology.

This volume presents the first systematic overview of how event-related brain potential (ERP), cognitive electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) measures reflect the mental events arising from changes in sensory stimulation. The contents are fresh, the literature distillations highly informative, and the range of topics extremely useful for cognitive neuroscientists, psychologists, and researchers.

Readable, concise, and data-driven, Current Practice of Clinical Electroencephalography, 5th Edition, delivers a comprehensive overview of the dynamic field of EEG. Dr. Aatif M. Husain leads a team of internationally recognized authors who provide updates on established areas of clinical EEG, discuss newly evolving areas, and explain neurophysiological basis of pathology to encourage understanding rather than simply pattern recognition. Now in full color throughout, it’s a must-have resource for residents, neurologists, clinical neurophysiologists, epilepsy specialists, electroneurodiagnostic technologists and practicing electroencephalographers, as well as students, trainees, and researchers—anyone who desires to stay up to date and use EEG to its fullest potential.

The standard-setting clinical electroencephalography textbook has been rewritten for the next decade of EEG technicians and resident and practicing neurologists. This Third Edition reflects the transition of the field to an all-digital environment, with fundamental changes in data recording, analysis, and interpretation. Drs. Ebersole and Pedley are outstanding educators with extensive experience in editing two of the leading journals--Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology and Epilepsia, respectively. In this volume, Ebersole and Pedley cover the full range of applications of EEG and evoked potentials in contemporary clinical practice. The book explains the most advanced instrumentation and techniques and their use in evaluating various disorders. More than 600 illustrations depict both normal and abnormal findings.

Neurofeedback is utilized by over 10,000 clinicians worldwide with new techniques and uses being found regularly. Z Score Neurofeedback is a new technique using a normative database to identify and target a specific individual's area of dysregulation allowing for faster and more effective treatment. The book describes how to perform z Score Neurofeedback, as well as research indicating its effectiveness for a variety of disorders including pain, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, PTSD, ADHD, TBI, headache, frontal lobe disorders, or for cognitive enhancement. Suitable for clinicians as well as researchers this book is a one stop shop for those looking to understand and use this new technique. - Contains protocols to implement Z score neurofeedback - Reviews research on disorders for which this is effective treatment - Describes advanced techniques and applications

It had been difficult to find appropriate teaching material for students and newcomers to this field of brain electromagnetic topography. In part, this is due to the many disciplines involved, requiring some knowledge of the physical sciences, mathematics, neurophysiology and anatomy. It is my hope that this book will be found suitable for introducing interested workers to this exciting field. Advanced topics will not be covered, as there are many excellent texts available. Peter K.H. Wong vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My co-authors, Hal Weinberg and Roberto Bencivenga, for their support; Richard Hamer, for all his early advice; Ernst Rodin and Gene Ramsay, for their encouragement; Wendy Cummings for her assistance; Technologists from the Department of Diagnostic Neurophysiology for collecting such excellent data; Bio-Logic Systems Corp. for permission to use some data as illustration; and all my friends and colleagues. My wife Elke, for putting up with me throughout this presumptuous endeavour. The manuscript was delivered in camera-ready form to the Publisher. Illustrations were created using Harvard Graphics and CorelDraw software. ix CONTENTS Part 1: Fundamentals. 1 1.1 Introduction . . . 1 1.2 Data Aquisition. . 3 Map Construction. 8 Interpolation . . . 12 1.3 Spatial Sampling . . 16 1.4 Reference and Reference-Dependence 20 1.5 Map Display Methods ..... . 27 Scaling and Floating Voltage Scales. 37 Summary Maps .......... . 37 1.6 Identification of Topographic Features 41 1.7 Spike Mapping .. . 51 1.8 Post-Processing 61 Analog Front-end. 62 Digital Filtering . 63 Reference Manipulation .. 65 Statistical Mapping .