The impetus to create this book originated from several concerns. One of these was the perceived value to the industry of a collection in one volume of a wide range of information pertinent to the reasons and techniques for de fluxing printed wiring assemblies (PWAs). This book is expected to be of use not only to those engaged in the electronics packaging industry but also to those in related fields seeking information concerning viable methods of dealing with one of the en vironmental issues of our time: the destruction of the ozone layer surrounding and protecting the planet with which we have been entrusted. The volume of information relative to providing PW As free of residues ad versely impacting operation, reliability, and life of electronic products is grow ing, and it will continue to expand at an accelerated rate as we seek to match our technology needs and desires with our environmental responsibilities. At the time ofthis writing, which has spanned the latter portion of 1989 and early 1990, the issue of choosing a new approach to producing PW As free of detrimental residues while using environmentally acceptable manufacturing techniques ap peared to be the major concern of the vast majority of those involved in the printed wiring assembly industry. To many this meant the use of different clean ing media and/or process or equipment enhancements; to others it meant the elimination of the need to clean through materials or process changes.

This volume documents the proceedings of the International Symposium on Surface Contamination and Cleaning, held in Newark, New Jersey, May 23-25, 2001. Because of the importance of this topic in many technological areas, tremendous efforts have been devoted to devise novel and more efficient ways to monitor, analyse and characterize contamination

Contamination problems have become a major factor in determining the manufacturability, quality, and reliability of electronic assemblies. Understanding the mechanics and chemistry of contamination has become necessary for improving quality and reliability and reducing costs of electronic assemblies. Designed as a practical guide, Contamination of

The world of microelectronics is filled with cusses measurement systems, manufacturing many success stories. From the use of semi control techniques, test, diagnostics, and fail ure analysis. It discusses methods for modeling conductors for powerful desktop computers to their use in maintaining optimum engine per and reducing defects, and for preventing de formance in modem automobiles, they have fects in the first place. The approach described, clearly improved our daily lives. The broad while geared to the microelectronics world, has useability of the technology is enabled, how applicability to any manufacturing process of similar complexity. The authors comprise some ever, only by the progress made in reducing their cost and improving their reliability. De of the best scientific minds in the world, and fect reduction receives a significant focus in our are practitioners of the art. The information modem manufacturing world, and high-quality captured here is world class. I know you will diagnostics is the key step in that process. find the material to be an excellent reference in of product failures enables step func Analysis your application. tion improvements in yield and reliability. which works to reduce cost and open up new Dr. Paul R. Low applications and technologies. IBM Vice President and This book describes the process ofdefect re of Technology Products General Manager duction in the microelectronics world.

A practical guide to setting up and running a surface mount operation, now the most widely used method of placing components on printed circuit boards as part of assembling electronic devices. Among the topics are laying out a printed circuit board, choosing the right component and the manufacturing process, plant layout and process flow, and monitoring and evaluating the process. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

One of the strongest trends in the design and manufacture of modern electronics packages and assemblies is the utilization of surface mount technology as a replacement for through-hole tech nology. The mounting of electronic devices and components onto the surface of a printed wiring board or other substrate offers many advantages over inserting the leads of devices or components into holes. From the engineering viewpoint, much higher lead counts with shorter wire and interconnection lengths can be accommo dated. This is critical in high performance modern electronics packaging. From the manufacturing viewpoint, the application of automated assembly and robotics is much more adaptable to high lead count surface mounted devices and components. Indeed, the insertion of high lead count parts into fine holes on a substrate might often be nearly impossible. Yet, in spite of these surface mounting advantages, the utilization of surface mount technology is often a problem, primarily due to soldering problems. The most practical soldering methods use solder pastes, whose intricacies are frequently not understood by most of those involved in the engineering and manufacture of electronics assemblies. This publication is the first book devoted exclusively to explanations of the broad combination of the chemical, metallurgical, and rheological principles that are critical to the successful use of solder pastes. The critical relation ships between these characteristics are clearly explained and pre sented. In this excellent presentation, Dr. Hwang highlights three impor tant areas of solder paste technology.

Seventeen papers were presented in four sessions including general information, safety, waste, and emissions from composites. Topics range from product stewardship, best work practice, biotransformation of uncured composite materials, to hazardous waste determination and offgassing of composite materials.