Cholinesterases—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Cholinesterases. The editors have built Cholinesterases—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Cholinesterases in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Cholinesterases—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

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Cholinesterases—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Butyrylcholinesterase. The editors have built Cholinesterases—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Butyrylcholinesterase in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Cholinesterases—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a primary regulator of cholinergic signaling within and out of the central nervous system. It has been studied extensively for several decades, yet many basic questions about its regulation, composition and functions remain open. Thus, neither the full impact of AChE’s activities on neuronal development, maintenance and functioning nor the reasons for why and how different AChE molecular forms are being synthesized and degraded are fully known yet, although recent evidence suggests the involvement of micro-RNA regulators in both of these aspects. The identification of the anchoring proteins, PRiMA and ColQ, stimulates studies on AChE’s assembly and its specific localization in the brain and muscle. Additionally, non-cholinergic function(s) of AChE has been proposed as relevant both for neuronal differentiation and cognitive functioning, whereas transgenic engineering, recombinant production and structure-function analyses of this enzyme’s variants with various inhibitors paved new avenues for the development of novel Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics, agricultural pesticides and prophylactics in anticipation of warfare agent exposure. The aims of this Research Topic is to provide a forum for experts in the field to critically discuss recent developments in AChE studies, initiate global critiques of the current views for resolving the fundamental questions in AChE research and promote the development of novel versions and uses of AChE-targeted agents. Topics of interest include but are not limited to: (i) post-transcriptional regulation of AChE; (ii) the non-cholinergic functions of AChE; and (iii) anti-AChE inhibitors and diseases.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), is the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death. The cause and progression of Alzheimer's disease are not well understood. Research indicates that the disease is associated with plaques and tangles in the brain. Current treatments only help with the symptoms of the disease. There are no available treatments that stop or reverse the progression of the disease. As of 2012, more than 1000 clinical trials have been or are being conducted to find ways to treat the disease, but it is unknown if any of the tested treatments will work. Because AD cannot be cured and is degenerative, the sufferer relies on others for assistance. The role of the main caregiver is often taken by the spouse or a close relative. Alzheimer's disease is known for placing a great burden on caregivers; the pressures can be wide-ranging, involving social, psychological, physical, and economic elements of the caregiver's life. In developed countries, AD is one of the most costly diseases to society. Research is the only hope to present and future patients and families suffering from this devastating disorder. This book compiles some of the most interesting articles on Alzheimer's disease published by PLoS journals lately: from epidemiology and prevention to management and treatment.