This dissertation concentrates on the characteristics of graphene, a single layer of graphite, defined as two-dimensional material for carbon based magnetism and electronics. Carbon materials, which are demonstrated by diamond and graphite, have always been of great interest for their unique properties. Moreover, in the last two decades, there have been three revolutionary milestones in the development of carbon materials, which were related to the discovery of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, respectively. Such research evolution led to the realization of the feasibility to tailor magnetic and electronic properties of graphitic sheets. Magnetism of carbon materials is of particular interest because of its new and relatively unexplored origins. The technological potential of the new materials is enormous as they promise to become the first room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors--the Holy Grail of the world of electronics. Not to mention that the existence of the new materials is vital for the emerging field of spintronics. Researchers believe that new carbon-based magnetic materials could greatly extend the limits of current technologies relying on magnetic and semiconducting properties. In this work, the magnetic properties of pristine graphene and chemically modified graphene were mainly investigated. The chemical functionalization with nitrophenyl (NP) groups was performed by covalent attachment of aryl groups to the basal plane of carbon atoms. The functionalized samples were found to be in a mix of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states with spins aligned in the main plane at room temperature. Based on these findings, this work attempted to identify the origins of the intrinsic magnetism and potential ways to tailor magnetism in graphene. Such technology has great potential to pave a way to the next-generation technologies containing high-speed and high-density nonvolatile memory as well as the production of reconfigurable logic devices, integrated magneto-optical devices, quantum information devices, and many others.

This book includes the fundamental science and applications of carbon-based materials, in particular fused polycyclic hydrocarbon, fullerene, diamond, carbides, graphite and graphene etc. During the past decade, these carbon-based materials have attracted much interest from many scientists and engineers because of their exciting physical properties and potential application toward electronic and energy devices. In this book, the fundamental theory referring to these materials, their syntheses and characterizations, the physical properties (physics), and the applications are fully described, which will contribute to an advancement of not only basic science in this research field but also technology using these materials. The book's targets are researchers and engineers in the field and graduate school students who specialize in physics, chemistry, and materials science. Thus, this book addresses the physics and chemistry of the principal materials in the twenty-first century.

Magnetism and Spintronics in Carbon and Carbon Nanostructured Materials offers coverage of electronic structure, magnetic properties and their spin injection, and the transport properties of DLC, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and their different composite materials. This book is a valuable resource for those doing research or working with carbon and carbon-related nanostructured materials for electronic and magnetic devices. Carbon-based nanomaterials are promising for spintronic applications because their weak spin-orbit (SO) coupling and hyperfine interaction in carbon atoms entail exceptionally long spin diffusion lengths (~100μm) in carbon nanotubes and graphene. The exceptional electronic and transport features of carbon nanomaterials could be exploited to build multifunctional spintronic devices. However, a large spin diffusion length comes at the price of small SO coupling, which limits the possibility of manipulating electrons via an external applied field. - Assesses the relative utility of a variety of carbon-based nanomaterials for spintronics applications - Analyzes the specific properties that make carbon and carbon nanostructured materials optimal for spintronics and magnetic applications - Discusses the major challenges to using carbon nanostructured materials as magnetic agents on a mass scale

A comprehensive survey of carbon nanostructure magnetism, emphasizing both the fundamental nature of the field and its groundbreaking nanotechnological applications.

This volume presents information about several topics in the field of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of carbon-containing nanomaterials. It introduces the reader to an array of experimental and theoretical approaches for the analysis of paramagnetic centers (dangling bonds, interface defects, vacancies, and impurities) usually observed in modern carbon-containing materials such as nanographites, graphene, disordered onion-like carbon nanospheres (DOLCNS), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), nanodiamonds, silicon carbonitride (SiCN) and silicon carbide (SiC) based composites and thin films. In particular, the book describes in detail: • The fundamentals of EPR spectroscopy and its application to the carbon-containing materials; • The resolution of the EPR signals from different species in carbon materials; • EPR characterization of spin dynamics in carbon nanomaterials; • Magnetic properties of DWCNTs and MWCNTs polymer composites; • EPR investigations on GO, rGO and CNTs with different chemical functionalities; • EPR spectroscopy of semiconducting SWCNTs thin films and their transistors; • In-situ EPR investigations of the oxygenation processes in coal and graphene materials; • The two-temperature EPR measurement method applied to carbonaceous solids; • Characterization of impurities in nanodiamonds and SiC nanomaterials and related size effects by CW and pulse EPR techniques; • Application of multifrequency EPR to the study of paramagnetic defects in a-Si1-xCx:H thin films and a-SiCxNy based composites. This volume is a useful guide for researchers interested in the EPR study of paramagnetic centers in the carbon-containing thin films, nanomaterials, ceramics, etc. It is also a valuable teaching tool at graduate and postgraduate levels for advanced courses in analytical chemistry, applied sciences and spectroscopy.

From a chemistry aspect, graphene is the extrapolated extreme of condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon molecules to infinite size. Here, the concept on aromaticity which organic chemists utilize is applicable. Interesting issues appearing between physics and chemistry are pronounced in nano-sized graphene (nanographene), as we recognize the importance of the shape of nanographene in understanding its electronic structure. In this book, the fundamental issues on the electronic, magnetic, and chemical properties of condensed polycyclic hyodrocarbon molecules, nanographene and graphene are comprehensively discussed.

It is well known that solid carbons can be found in various guises with different forms of bulk phases (graphites, diamonds and carbynes) as well as more molecular forms (fullerenes,nanotubes and graphenes) resulting from recent discoveries. The cause of this rich polymorphism is analyzed in the first part of this book (chapters 1-5) with the propensity of carbon atoms for forming different types of homopolar chemical bonds associated with variable coordination numbers. Precursor organic molecules and parent compounds are also described to establish specific links with this rich polymorphism. Then in a second part (chapters 6-10) a comparative review of the main classes of bulk physical properties is presented. This approach emphasizes in particular the electronic behavior of (pi) polyaromatic systems organized in plane and curved atomic sheets. Finally in a third part (chapters 11-15) the surface and interface characteristics are introduced together with the texture and morphology of these multiscale carbon materials. An overview of the main field of applications is related showing the large use and interest for these solids.

Covering the key theories, tools, and techniques of this dynamic field, Handbook of Nanophysics: Principles and Methods elucidates the general theoretical principles and measurements of nanoscale systems. Each peer-reviewed chapter contains a broad-based introduction and enhances understanding of the state-of-the-art scientific content through fund

This book presents the latest research in ultrathin carbon-based protective overcoats for high areal density magnetic data storage systems, with a particular focus on hard disk drives (HDDs) and tape drives. These findings shed new light on how the microstructure and interfacial chemistry of these sub-20 nm overcoats can be engineered at the nanoscale regime to obtain enhanced properties for wear, thermal and corrosion protection – which are critical for such applications. Readers will also be provided with fresh experimental insights into the suitability of graphene as an atomically-thin overcoat for HDD media. The easy readability of this book will appeal to a wide audience, ranging from non-specialists with a general interest in the field to scientists and industry professionals directly involved in thin film and coatings research.