Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2013 in the subject Energy Sciences, grade: 1.7, University of Applied Sciences Berlin (Engineering), course: Sustainable Development, language: English, abstract: Electricity is an important feature for economic development. The necessity lies in the fact that electricity affects every aspect of our economy. Nigeria should aim towards sustainable electricity access to its citizens. Nigeria must have a stable electrical energy supply to meet the market, basic needs of the people. A nation whose energy supply is not reliable does not help in the development of the national economy. Nigeria is a nation with more than 162 million inhabitants with less electric access to both rural and urban areas. This study has reviewed and analyzed the challenges and opportunities facing Electricity Access in Nigeria. The study has employed approach to good features of sustainable development system in the Nigerian electrical energy sector by proposing a sustainable strategies and alternatives for energy access through the use of solar power, wind and hydro power, and Bio-mass . Also, the study clearly explained and analyzed the problems facing the electricity in Nigeria. Thus, this study has used literature review methods, to gather information’s on Energy Sector in general and existing literatures on the Nigeria Energy Sector as well as a SWOT/PEST Matrix of the Nigerian Energy sector.

This open access book presents a picture of the current energy challenges on the African continent (and the Sub-Saharan region in particular) and proposes pathways to an accelerated energy transition. Starting with an analysis of the status quo and the outlook for Africa’s energy demand and energy access, it provides an account of the available resources, including hydrocarbons and renewable energy resources, which are playing an increasingly crucial role. It then moves on to analyze the level of investment required to scale-up Africa’s energy systems, shedding light on the key barriers and elaborating on potential solutions. It also provides a suggestion for improving the effectiveness of EU–Africa cooperation. While mainly intended for policymakers and academics, this book also speaks to a broader audience interested in gaining an overview of the challenges and opportunities of the African energy sector today and in the future.

Access to reliable electricity is a prerequisite for the economic transformation of African economies, especially in a digital age. Yet the electricity access rate in Sub-Saharan African countries is often substantially low, households and businesses with access often face unreliable service, and the cost of the service is often among the highest in the world. This situation imposes substantial constraints on economic activities, provision of public services, adoption of new technologies, and quality of life. Much of the focus on how best to provide reliable, affordable, and sustainable electricity service to all has been on mitigating supply-side constraints. However, demand-side constraints may be as important, if not more important. On the supply side, inadequate investments in maintenance result in high technical losses; most state-owned utilities operate at a loss; and power trade, which could significantly lower the cost of electricity, is underdeveloped. On the demand side, the uptake and willingness to pay are often low in many communities, and the consumption levels of those who are connected are limited. Increased uptake and use will encourage investment to improve service reliability and close the access gap. This report shows that the fundamental problem is poverty and lack of economic opportunities rather than power. The solution lies in understanding that the overarching reasons for the unrealized potential involve tightly intertwined technical, financial, political, and geographic factors. The ultimate goal is to enable households and business to gain access, to afford to use, and utilities to recover their cost and make profits. The report makes the case that policy makers need to adopt a more comprehensive and long-term approach to electrification in the region—one centered on the productive use of electricity at affordable rates. Such an approach includes increased public and private investment in infrastructure, expanded access to credit for new businesses, improved access to markets, and additional skills development to translate the potential of expanded and reliable electricity access into substantial economic impact. Enhancing the economic capabilities of communities is the best way to achieve faster and more sustainable development progress while addressing the broad challenges of affordability, low consumption, and financial viability of utilities, as well as ensuring equitable provision between urban and rural areas.

With the inclusion of access to energy in the sustainable development goals, the role of energy to human existence was finally recognized. Yet, in Africa, this achievement is far from realized. Omorogbe and Ordor bring together experts in their fields to ask what is stalling progress, examining problems from institutions catering to vested interests at the continent's expense, to a need to develop vigorous financial and fiscal frameworks. The ramifications and complications of energy law are labyrinthine: this volume discusses how energy deficits can burden disabled people, women, and children in excess of their more fortunate counterparts, as well as considering environmental issues, including the delicate balance between the necessity of water for drinking and cleaning and the use of water in industrial processes. A pivotal work of scholarship, the book poses pressing questions for energy law and international human rights.

This edited volume looks at energy poverty, an issue whose pivotal role in the fight for human development is only now being recognised by policymakers. Nearly one quarter of humanity still lacks access to electricity. Close to one third rely on traditional fuels like firewood and cow dung for cooking, at great cost to their health and welfare. While most prevalent in parts of Africa and Asia, energy poverty is a global problem which concerns us all. This book, which brings together economists, policymakers, entrepreneurs, and other practitioners from all over the world, is dedicated to a single goal: finding a solution to this haunting problem. It is part history, part economics, part political analysis, part business case review, and part field handbook. Part One focuses on defining and measuring the problem and benchmarking progress in solving it, an obvious prerequisite to any successful energy-access policy. Part Two reviews past and current energy access programs, with an eye towards finding out what worked and what didn't and what can be replicated elsewhere. These case reviews are told as seen on the ground - China's experience by top Chinese officials and Africa's by African regulators and scholars. Based in part on those cases, the book's last, more forward-looking section aims to present practitioners with a tool kit, a menu of options to speed up their efforts. The energy access agenda is gaining traction at a time of rising concerns about climate change and resource constraints. This book shows that bringing modern energy to those who lack it not just a moral imperative, but will likely benefit the world as a whole without harming the environment or unduly stretching finite resources.

Development experts agree that ensuring access to sustainable modern energy services is critical to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. This report explores how international oil and gas companies can contribute to tackling energy poverty in the regions where they operate.

We are more aware of the need to achieve sustainable development than ever before. It is fair to say that two of the most important factors affecting sustainability are the ways of both producing and using energy. In this sense, this book provides a forum to articulate and discuss energy management issues in the frame of achieving sustainable development. And undoubtedly, we are also deeply concerned about these issues in the recent times. This volume contains 6 chapters and is organized into three sections: "Policies and Strategies", and "Technologies and Industries".

The importance of modern energy services to development is well established and it extends to deploying renewable energy for electricity to address current global challenges such as lack of access to electricity, poverty, environmental degradation and climate change. No doubt, electricity from renewable energy has negative impacts, but it also has benefits over other energy sources, particularly coal, oil and gas. These benefits have included that it is generally environmentally benign, it is vast, free, and supports standalone technologies. Thus avoiding costs associated with expanding the grid network. Hence, the idea that enhanced deployment of renewable energy for electricity can drive sustainable development in countries such as Nigeria, where amidst global concerns about climate change, modern access to electricity is low and energy supply for basic tasks such as cooking and cooling are from energy sources harnessed unsustainably or is itself not sustainable. In addition, other problems in Nigeria include high poverty and unemployment rates, environment degradation, destruction of biodiversity and natural ecosystem, corruption, lack of infrastructure, and dwindling government revenue profiles. Yet, the country has significant energy resources, renewables and non-renewables through which it can presumably meet all its energy needs. Nigeria enacted the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA) in March 2005 to give statutory support to its National Electric Power Policy, (NEPP) which, inter alia, sought to promote expanded access to electricity, with minimum adverse impact on the environment. Given the benefits of renewable electricity, and the policy objectives on electricity development in Nigeria, this thesis examines the ability of Nigeria's Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA) 2005 to enhance the deployment of renewable energy for electricity and thereby foster sustainable development in the country.

In this book, a number of long-term energy scenarios are developed for Nigeria considering the impact of vital factors that may influence energy policies in the country’s future energy system. The energy scenarios were developed through the Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) model. The model identified the future energy demand and supply pattern using a least-cost combination of technology options while limiting the emission of greenhouse gases. The book presents four scenarios, and key parameters considered include GDP, households, population, urbanization and the growth rates of energy-intensive sectors. Further, it highlights the findings of the cost-benefit analysis, which reveal the costs of implementing selected policies and strategies in Nigeria, including those focusing on energy efficiency and fuel/technology switching. The book also discusses the application of the LEAP-OSeMOSYS Model in order to identify lowest-cost power plants for electricity generation. Some sustainable strategies that can ensure a low carbon development in Nigeria are also explored on the basis of successful country cases in relation to the Nigerian LEAP model. As such, the book will help policy makers devise energy and sustainable strategies to achieve low carbon development in Nigeria.

Sustainability: Key Issues is a comprehensive introductory textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate students doing courses in sustainability. Highly original, it covers the very broad spectrum of ideas covered under sustainability, from participation, resilience, growth, ecological modernism through to culture, sustainable communities and sustainable consumption. Each chapter covers one key idea, and has been written by an expert in that field. This book makes key issues approachable, with each chapter containing: a definition of the key concept a history of how and why the issue has emerged a discussion of the advantages, drawbacks, main contributions and controversies associated with this issue case studies to demonstrate how it works in reality critical discussion of mainstream models of sustainability and the reason why they don't work introduction of beyond-the-convention alternatives, including circular economy and cradle to cradle approaches This is the ideal book for students and anyone interested in understanding the key issues within sustainability and how they interact.