This book constitutes the First Cerebral Aneurysm Detection Challenge, CADA 2020, which was held in conjunction with the 23rd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2020, in October 2020. The conference was planned to take place in Lima, Peru, and took place virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 9 regular papers presented in this volume, together with an overview and one introduction paper, were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers were organized in topical sections as follows: cerebral aneurysm detection; cerebral aneurysm segmentation; and cerebral aneurysm rupture risk estimation.

This book constitutes the First Cerebral Aneurysm Detection Challenge, CADA 2020, which was held in conjunction with the 23rd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2020, in October 2020. The conference was planned to take place in Lima, Peru, and took place virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 9 regular papers presented in this volume, together with an overview and one introduction paper, were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers were organized in topical sections as follows: cerebral aneurysm detection; cerebral aneurysm segmentation; and cerebral aneurysm rupture risk estimation.

This research proposes a computer aided detection (CAD) and segmentation (CAS) of intracranial aneurysm in computer tomography angiography (CTA). The efficiency of the CAD/CAS system is boosted by pre-processing the input image with non-linear diffusion to smooth the CTA data while preserving the edges. A 3D region growing-based approach is used to extract the cerebral arteries followed by entropy-based search space reduction to retain the volume of the circle of Willis (CoW) and the proximal cerebral arteries where nearly all intracranial aneurysms are located, whilst eliminating the extracranial and very distal intracranial circulation. Because cerebral aneurysms vary in size we regard the problem of cerebral aneurysm detection as an intrinsically multi-scale problem and employ a multi-scale approach to all detection analysis. Shape index analysis is employed to determine potential aneurysmal regions (PARs). Hessian analysis and gradient vector field analysis which reveal 3D local shape information are used to further characterise the initial PARs. False positive reduction is then performed based on the analysis of the shape characterisations of the PARs. A ranking score is defined based on the outcomes of the shape analysis to rank the likelihood of PARs. The system allows user to navigate through the ranked PARs and select a candidate aneurysm for further analysis (CAS). The boundary of the selected aneurysm and its parent artery is delineated by using a 3D conditional morphology-based region growing approach. The output is presented to the user to be assessed for the aneurysm orientation relative to the parent vessel. A semi-automatic process is applied to detach the aneurysm from its parent artery. To have a fine segmentation of aneurysm which can be used for characterization of the aneurysm, a 3D geodesic active contour implemented in a level set framework is applied. The volume of the separated aneurysm is quantified as a typical characterization of the aneurysm. The system has been validated on a clinical dataset of 62 eTA scans with average 274 slices per scan (involving 17,028 CT slices) containing 70 aneurysms. Sizes of aneurysms XI I! .I' I lary between 3-16 mm. 42 CTA scans have been used as training dataset for parameter selection and 20 CTA scans have been used as a test dataset. The sensitivity of the system for the CAD component is 97% with the average false positive of 2.24 per dataset (0.008 per slice). CAS performance was evaluated by dual visual judgment of an expert neuroradiologist and neurosurgeon. The detection and segmentation performance indicate the approach has potential in clinical applications.

Cerebral aneurysms (CA) are pathological dilations of a vessel wall which if not treated at proper time are liable to rupture causing spontaneous intracranial bleeding. Because of the critical location of aneurysms, such bleeding causes subarachnoid haemorrhage and may result in death or severe morbidity to the individual. Therefore, proper detection of CA has got a crucial clinical significance that might be useful in its prognosis and treatment trials. Till date Digital Substraction Angiography(DSA), considered as a gold standard for the diagnosis of CA. In this book two novel methods have been implemented for successful detection and classification of CA from DSA. Firstly, Thresholding Spatial Filtering Thresholding (TSFT) which is a lightweight algorithm applicable for real-time processing of CA images. Secondly, Modified Hough Circle Transform & Peak Trekking (MHCT-PT) which is a heavyweight algorithm requiring off-line processing of CA images to detect and classify aneurysms with higher accuracy.

This volume provides an overview of new concepts in neurovascular interventions based on clinical and scientific knowledge of cerebrovascular disorders. It especially focuses on subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebrovascular malformations, e.g. aneurysms, arterio-venous malformations, and cavernomas. A separate part addresses cerebral revascularization for both complex aneurysms and ischemia. All contributions were written by recognized experts and cover original papers presented at the 7th European Japanese Stroke Surgery Conference, held in Verona, Italy in June 2014. The authors present new trends and strategies for managing emerging problems, as well as in-depth discussions on controversial issues in the field.

Toole's Cerebrovascular Disorders was the first modern book devoted to care of the stroke, originally published more than 40 years ago. This is a completely revised and updated sixth edition of the highly respected standard for stroke diagnosis and treatment. Dr James Toole has stayed on as a consultant for the text, and Drs E. Steve Roach, Kerstin Bettermann, and Jose Biller have reworked Dr Toole's book to include chapters on genetics, pregnancy-related stroke, and acute treatments. The practical focus of the book has not changed, retaining its emphasis on bedside diagnosis and treatment. Easily accessible both for stroke specialists and residents, the sixth edition has been modernized to keep pace with the rapid expansion of knowledge in stroke care and includes evidence-based recommendations, the latest technology and imaging, and risk factors. The text is supplemented with more than 200 images, many in color.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First MICCAI Workshop on Deep Generative Models, DG4MICCAI 2021, and the First MICCAI Workshop on Data Augmentation, Labelling, and Imperfections, DALI 2021, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2021, in October 2021. The workshops were planned to take place in Strasbourg, France, but were held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. DG4MICCAI 2021 accepted 12 papers from the 17 submissions received. The workshop focusses on recent algorithmic developments, new results, and promising future directions in Deep Generative Models. Deep generative models such as Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) are currently receiving widespread attention from not only the computer vision and machine learning communities, but also in the MIC and CAI community. For DALI 2021, 15 papers from 32 submissions were accepted for publication. They focus on rigorous study of medical data related to machine learning systems.

Microsurgery has brought about important changes and progress in the treatment of cere bral aneurysms in recent years. Only 12 years ago McKissock, one of the most experienced surgeons in the treatment of aneurysms pompared the results of operative and nonoperative treatment. He found that mortality and morbidity of cerebral aneurysms was not significantly affected by whether the patients have been operated upon or not. This view is held by many neursurgeons, and was confirmed by results of the Co-operative Study in 1969. In the review on treatment of aneurysms in Progress in Neurological Surgery in 1969, techniques such as encasement with plastic compounds, piloinjection, stereotactic copper or electric thrombosis and metallic thrombosis and profound hypothermia in anaesthesia were listed. In general, these techniques now seem to be of little more than historical interest. Progress in recent yeats has been so enormous that one may perhaps gain the impreSSion that the main problems in the treatment of aneurysms have been solved and that there are no more to be surmounted. This is dangerous and complacent thinking, such as Lord Moynihan indulged in during the thirties. For this reason we thought that the time had come to assemble a group of experts who could discuss the various unsolved and contro versial problems of aneurysm surgery in the friendly and relaxed atmosphere of a "work shop".

Clinical case studies have long been recognized as a useful adjunct to problem-based learning and continuing professional development. They emphasize the need for clinical reasoning, integrative thinking, problem-solving, communication, teamwork and self-directed learning – all desirable generic skills for health care professionals. This book is a teaching tool that bridges the gap between textbook information and everyday experience of clinicians 'in the trenches'. Leading practitioners bring a practical approach to these complex conditions, highlighting specific areas of diagnostic uncertainty in evaluation and treatment. Each case is taken from real-world clinical practice and reviews the diagnostic and treatment process in a systematic manner, identifying common challenges and potential pitfalls. This concise and useful guide in the Common Pitfalls series provides a step-by-step guide for everyday clinical practice, invaluable to anyone dealing with cerebrovascular disease on a front-line basis. The intended readership is trainees and non-specialist practitioners in neurology, stroke medicine, and neurosurgery.