Why do cease-fire agreements sometimes last for years while others flounder barely long enough to be announced? How to maintain peace in the aftermath of war is arguably one of the most important questions of the post--Cold War era. And yet it is one of the least explored issues in the study of war and peace. Here, Page Fortna offers the first comprehensive analysis of why cease-fires between states succeed or fail. She develops cooperation theory to argue that mechanisms within these agreements can help maintain peace by altering the incentives for war and peace, reducing uncertainty, and helping to prevent or manage accidents that could lead to war. To test this theory, the book first explores factors, such as decisive victory and prior history of conflict, that affect the baseline prospects for peace. It then considers whether stronger cease-fires are likely to be implemented in the hardest or the easiest cases. Next, through both quantitative and qualitative testing of the effects of cease-fire agreements, firm evidence emerges that agreements do matter. Durable peace is harder to achieve after some wars than others, but when most difficult, states usually invest more in peace building. These efforts work. Strong agreements markedly lessen the risk of further war. Mechanisms such as demilitarized zones, dispute resolution commissions, peacekeeping, and external guarantees can help maintain peace between even the deadliest of foes.

This is an attempt to catalogue the reasons why some wars are so difficult to stop - even when both sides want the fighting to end. Through detailed case studies, the book assesses the obstacles and points toward solutions for ending wars more quickly. Each chapter is devoted to a specific obstacle which the author analyzes and then illustrates with case studies, drawing on such conflicts as the Iran-Iraq War, the Gulf War and the Yugoslav wars. He assesses the role of third parties in trying to persuade people to stop fighting and examines what happens when obstacles to a cease-fire cannot be overcome.

"Vietnam from Cease-Fire to Capitulation" is an examination of significant military developments and social and economic conditions during the last three years of the war.

Over 1,400 total pages ... Instruction Covered: INTRODUCTION TO MARINE CORPS RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP RIFLE WEAPONS HANDLING SERVICE RIFLE/CARBINE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE EFFECTS OF WEATHER RIFLE ZEROING DATA BOOK FUNDAMENTALS OF RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP INTRODUCTION TO RIFLE SHOOTING POSITIONS AND SLINGS RIFLE PRONE POSITION RIFLE SITTING POSITION RIFLE KNEELING POSITION RIFLE STANDING POSITION FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES OF FIRE RIFLE RANGE OPERATIONS RIFLE TABLE 1 COURSE OF FIRE WEAPONS HANDLING EXERCISE WEAPONS HANDLING TEST MCRP 3-01A Rifle Marksmanship ANNUAL RIFLE TRAINING DATABOOK M16A4 SERVICE RIFLE/M4 CARBINE WITH RIFLE COMBAT OPTIC (RCO) AND BACK-UP IRON SIGHT (BUIS) ANNUAL RIFLE TRAINING DATABOOK M16A4 SERVICE RIFLE/M4 CARBINE WITH RIFLE COMBAT OPTIC (RCO) AND BACK-UP IRON SIGHT (BUIS) MARINE CORPS ORDER 3574.2L MARINE CORPS COMBAT MARKSMANSHIP PROGRAMS (MCCMP)

Australia's contribution to Indonesia's independence struggle is broadly well-known and this book explores an important part of the story: Australia's leading role in the 1947 UN Consular Commission and the monitoring of the first UN cease-fire order. The commission's military observers were pioneer peacekeepers, and an examination of the commission's activities is useful for understanding the Indonesian independence struggle in the following years. Australia's involvement also played a positive role in long-term Australian-Indonesian relations.

The U.S. military has a stockpile of approximately 400,000 tons of excess, obsolete, or unserviceable munitions. About 60,000 tons are added to the stockpile each year. Munitions include projectiles, bombs, rockets, landmines, and missiles. Open burning/open detonation (OB/OD) of these munitions has been a common disposal practice for decades, although it has decreased significantly since 2011. OB/OD is relatively quick, procedurally straightforward, and inexpensive. However, the downside of OB and OD is that they release contaminants from the operation directly into the environment. Over time, a number of technology alternatives to OB/OD have become available and more are in research and development. Alternative technologies generally involve some type of contained destruction of the energetic materials, including contained burning or contained detonation as well as contained methods that forego combustion or detonation. Alternatives for the Demilitarization of Conventional Munitions reviews the current conventional munitions demilitarization stockpile and analyzes existing and emerging disposal, treatment, and reuse technologies. This report identifies and evaluates any barriers to full-scale deployment of alternatives to OB/OD or non-closed loop incineration/combustion, and provides recommendations to overcome such barriers.

The remarkable story of David Kennedy's crusade to combat America's plague of gang- and drug-related violence - with methods that have been astonishingly effective across the country. 'If you want to read a book on urban gangs and find out why they exist and why they kill each other, read this ... this is a sociology book, but it's like immersing yourself in The Wire ... When Kennedy says something, you believe him' Scotsman Gang- and drug-related inner-city violence, with its attendant epidemic of incarceration, is the defining crime problem in our country. In some neighborhoods in America, one out of every two hundred young black men is shot to death every year, and few initiatives of government and law enforcement have made much difference. But when David Kennedy, a self-taught and then-unknown criminologist, engineered the "Boston Miracle" in the mid-1990s, he pointed the way toward what few had imagined: a solution. Don't Shoot tells the story of Kennedy's long journey. Riding with beat cops, hanging with gang members, and stoop-sitting with grandmothers, Kennedy found that all parties misunderstood each other, caught in a spiral of racialized anger and distrust. He envisioned an approach in which everyone-gang members, cops, and community members-comes together in what is essentially a huge intervention. Offenders are told that the violence must stop, that even the cops want them to stay alive and out of prison, and that even their families support swift law enforcement if the violence continues. In city after city, the same miracle has followed: violence plummets, drug markets dry up, and the relationship between the police and the community is reset. This is a landmark book, chronicling a paradigm shift in how we address one of America's most shameful social problems. A riveting, page-turning read, it combines the street vérité of The Wire, the social science of Gang Leader for a Day, and the moral urgency and personal journey of Fist Stick Knife Gun. But unlike anybody else, Kennedy shows that there could be an end in sight.

INTRODUCTION 1. GAIN ATTENTION. The primary mission of the Marine rifleman is to locate and destroy the enemy by fire and to repel assault by the enemy with fire and close combat. The rifle is the Marine's primary means of accomplishing his mission. Combatready Marines must be highly proficient in the use of the service rifle and have the confidence to deliver accurate fire under the most adverse battle conditions. 2. OVERVIEW. This lesson will provide an overview of the Marine Corps Rifle Marksmanship Program and how the five stages of marksmanship training relate to each other. 3. INTRODUCE LEARNING OBJECTIVES. This lesson is provided as an overview of the Marine Corps Rifle Marksmanship Program. There are no Terminal or Enabling Learning Objectives for this lesson. 4. METHOD. This lesson will be taught in a classroom setting using lecture. 5. EVALUATION. The Marine will not be tested on the material in this lesson. TRANSITION: The Marine Corps Rifle Marksmanship Program consists of five stages of training that progressively teach, reinforce, and refine marksmanship skills to a combat-ready level. Contents by Category: Table 1A Instructor Guides and Media ART-0 Intro to Marine Corp Rifle Marksmanship ART-0 Introduction Media ART-01 Rifle Weapons Handling ART-01 Rifle Weapons Handling Media ART-1A Weapons Handling Exercise ART-1B Weapons Handling Test ART-02 Rifle Preventive Maintenance ART-03 Effects of Weather RCO ART-03 Effects of Weather_Media ART-04 Zeroing RCO ART-04 Zeroing_Media ART-05 Data Book RCO ART-05 Data Book_Media ART-06 Rifle Fundamentals RCO ART-06 Rifle Fundamentals_Media ART-07 Positions and Slings RCO ART-07 Positions and Slings_Media ART-08 Prone ART-08 Prone_Media ART-09 Sitting ART-09 Sitting_Media ART-10 Kneeling ART-10 Kneeling_Media ART-11 Standing ART-11 Standing_Media ART-12 Fundamental Techniques of Fire RCO ART-13 Range Operations ART-13 Range Operations_Media ART-14 Rifle Table 1 ART-14 Rifle Table 1_Media Courses Of Fire TABLE 2 Course Of Fire TABLE 3 UKD DAY Course Of Fire TABLE 4 NIGHT UKD Course Of fire TABLE 5 SHORT RANGE DAY Course Of Fire TABLE 6 SHORT RANGE NIGHT Course of Fire Tables 2-6 Instructor Guides and Media 0300-M16-1001_Weapons_Handling_Procedures_With_A_Service_Rifle_LP_12_April_2014 0300-M16-1001_Weapons_Handling_Procedures_With_A_Service_Rifle_Media 0300-M16-1002_Introduction_to_the_Service_Rifle_LP_April_2014 0300-M16-1002_Introduction_to_the_Service_Rifle_Media 0300-M16-1003_Corrective_Action_For_The_Service_Rifle_LP_April_2014 0300-M16-1003_Corrective_Action_For_The_Service_Rifle_Media 0300-M16-1004_Demonstrate_Weapons_Carries_LP 0300-M16-1004_Demonstrate_Weapons_Carries_Media 0300-M16-1005_Zero_a_Rifle_Combat_Optic_to_a_Service_Rifle_LP 0300-M16-1005_Zero_a_Rifle_Combat_Optic_to_a_Service_Rifle_Media 0300-M16-1006 Demonstrate Basic Combat Rifle Marksmanship Skills 0300-M16-1006 Demonstrate Basic Combat Rifle Marksmanship skills_Media 0300-M16-1007_EXECUTE_TABLE_2_BASIC_COMBAT_RIFLE_MARKSMANSHIP_EVALUATION V1.1 0300-M16-1007_EXECUTE_TABLE_2_BASIC_COMBAT_RIFLE_MARKSMANSHIP_EVALUATION V1.1_Media 0300-M16-1008_DEMONSTRATE_UNKNOWN_DISTANCE_THREAT_ENGAGEMENT_SKILLS_DAY 0300-M16-1008_DEMONSTRATE_UNKNOWN_DISTANCE_THREAT_ENGAGEMENT_SKILLS_DAY_Media 0300-M16-1009_EXECUTE_TABLE_3_ENGAGE_THREATS_AT_UNKNOWN_DISTANCES_DAY_B_D 0300-M16-1010_ZERO_A_MINI_INTEGRATED_POINTER_ILLUMINATOR_MODULE 0300-M16-1010_ZERO_A_MINI_INTEGRATED_POINTER_ILLUMINATOR_MODULE_Media 0300-M16-1011_1012_EXECUTE TABLE 4_UNKNOWN_DISTANCE_THREAT_ENGAGEMENT_SKILLS_(NIGHT) 0300-M16-1011_1012_EXECUTE TABLE 4_UNKNOWN_DISTANCE_THREAT_ENGAGEMENT_SKILLS_(NIGHT)_Media 0300-M16-1013_DEMONSTRATE_SHORT_RANGE_ENGAGEMENT_SKILLS_DAY 0300-M16-1013_DEMONSTRATE_SHORT_RANGE_ENGAGEMENT_SKILLS_DAY_Media 0300-M16-1014_EXECUTE_TABLE_5_SHORT_RANGE_THREAT_ENGAGEMENT_DAY 0300-M16-1014_EXECUTE_TABLE_5_SHORT_RANGE_THREAT_ENGAGEMENT_DAY_Media 0300-M16-1015-1016_EXECUTE_TABLE_6_SHORT_RANGE_THREAT_ENGAGEMENT_NIGHT 0300-M16-1015 1016_EXECUTE_TABLE_6_SHORT_RANGE_THREAT_ENGAGEMENT_NIGHT_Media 0300-M16-1017_ENGAGE_MOVING_THREATS 0300-M16-1017_ENGAGE_MOVING_THREATS_Media Tables 1A-6 Scorecards T1A Evaluation scorecard T1A PIT scorecard T1A Pre-Evaluation scorecard T2 revised Evaluation scorecard T2 revised Pre-Evaluation scorecard T3 scorecard T4 scorecard T5 scorecard T6 scorecard Tables 2-6 Card Commands and Scripts Revised Table 2 card-commands V1.1 Table 3 card-commands Table 4 card-commands Table 5 card-commands Table 6 card-commands