Capital markets do respond to information about a firm's environmental performance and if properly informed, may provide appropriate financial and reputational incentives for pollution control. Perhaps more resources should be used for disseminating firm-specific information about environmental performance to allow all stakeholders to make informed decisions.Firms in developing countries are often said to have no incentives to invest in pollution control because they typically face weak monitoring and enforcement of environmental regulations. But the inability of formal institutions to control pollution through fines and penalties may not be as serious an impediment to pollution control as is generally argued, contend Dasgupta, Laplante, and Mamingi.Capital markets may react negatively to news of adverse environmental incidents (such as spills or violations of permits) as well as positively to the announcement that a firm is using cleaner technologies.The authors assess whether capital markets in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and the Philippines react to the announcement of firm-specific environmental news. They show that:deg; Capital markets react positively (the firms' market value increases) to the announcement of rewards and explicit recognition of superior environmental performance.deg; They react negatively (the firms' value decreases) to citizens' complaints. Environmental regulators in developing countries could (1) harness market forces by introducing structured programs to release firm-specific information about environmental performance, and (2) empower communities and stakeholders through environmental education programs.This paper - a product of the Development Research Group - is part of the group's ongoing work on industrial pollution and also to study whether capital markets in developing countries can provide incentives needed for pollution control. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Incentives for Pollution Control: The Role of Capital Markets (RPO 680-76).

Discover which foreign companies are conducting or are considering conducting business in southern Africa. Abstracts of nearly 2000 firms include the locations, product lines, number of employees & the amount of assets & sales in southern Africa. For companies with non-equity links, abstracts include the name & location of the company's South African distributor or licensee. Appendices sort companies by industry sector, size & location. The "Company Watch" section identifies firms that have announced plans to establish business ties to southern Africa.

The severe consequences of the global financial crisis 2008-2009 and numerous accounting frauds and financial scandals over the last fifteen years have let to calls for more ethical and responsible actions in all economic activities including consumption, investing, governance and regulation. Despite the fact that ethics in business and corporate social responsibility rules have been adopted in various countries, more efforts have to be devoted to motivate and empower more actors to integrate ethical behavior and rules in making business and managerial decisions. The Research Handbook of Finance and Sustainability will provide the readers but particularly investors, managers, and policymakers with comprehensive coverage of the issues at the crossroads of finance, ethics and sustainable development as well as proposed solutions, while focusing on three different levels: corporations, investment funds, and financial markets.

Back in the early 1990s, economists and policy makers had high expectations about the prospects for domestic capital market development in emerging economies, particularly in Latin America. Unfortunately, they are now faced with disheartening results. Stock and bond markets remain illiquid and segmented. Debt is concentrated at the short end of the maturity spectrum and denominated in foreign currency, exposing countries to maturity and currency risk. Capital markets in Latin America look particularly underdeveloped when considering the many efforts undertaken to improve the macroeconomic environment and to reform the institutions believed to foster capital market development. The disappointing performance has made conventional policy recommendations questionable, at best. 'Emerging Capital Markets and Globalization' analyzes where we stand and where we are heading on capital market development. First, it takes stock of the state and evolution of Latin American capital markets and related reforms over time and relative to other countries. Second, it analyzes the factors related to the development of capital markets, with particular interest on measuring the impact of reforms. And third, in light of this analysis, it discusses the prospects for capital market development in Latin America and emerging economies and the implications for the reform agenda.

May 1998 This model shows that a microstate's decision to form, expand, or join a regional organization is based on reduced negotiating costs and increased bargaining power, rather than on the traditional costs and benefits of trade integration. Forming a regional grouping with neighboring nations may be one way for microstates to overcome a major problem: Because of their weak bargaining power and high fixed costs of negotiation, microstates are at a severe disadvantage in dealing with the rest of the world. They don't have the human and physical resources to unilaterally conduct the various bilateral and multilateral negotiations a developing nation typically conducts. Andriamananjara and Schiff present a model in which the decision to form, expand, or join a regional club is based on reduced negotiating costs and increased bargaining power, rather than on the traditional costs and benefits of trade integration (which might be miniscule for a microstate and might even generate welfare losses). Under various conditions for entry, the model is used to determine the equilibrium group size, which is shown to be positively correlated with the number of issues to be tackled, the degree of similarity among countries, and the per-issue costs of international negotiation. They use the case of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) to show the model's relevance in the real world. The countries that belong to CARICOM pooled their negotiating resources and formulated common policy stances. Despite its relatively limited impact on trade and investments, CARICOM served as a political instrument in joint negotiations on trade and investment with larger countries and regional trade blocs. By establishing a union, the CARICOM countries succeeded in making their voices heard on a variety of issues in a way none of them could have done alone. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to examine the economics of regionalism and development. Maurice Schiff may be contacted at [email protected].

Environmental pollution has assumed alarming proportions in recent years. Its adverse impact on the everyday lives of people is increasing in magnitude and intensity. That more and more people are becoming aware of this hazard is evident from the fact that National Environmental Engineering Research Institute is inundated with queries relating to various aspects of environmental pollution. This book has been prepared to present the environmental status of India, study various pertinent issues and suggest measures to mitigate the harmful effects of environmental pollution. It is divided into seven main sections, each dealing with an important aspect of environmental pollution. The Air Pollution section describes the different sources and types of air pollution, the status of air quality, the concerns and inadequacy in management and control and their related health impacts. The section on Water studies water resources, their distribution across India and the major contaminants that pollute water. One section of the book exclusively deals with the problem of wastewater generated by industries and municipal sewage. The section on Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste categorises the types of waste generated and suggests different treatment options thereof. The challenges of disposal of hazardous wastes have also been discussed. Pollution related problems in soil and land use have been analysed in Land Environment section. The book analyses all the important aspects of environmental pollution and suggests measures to keep it under control. It will be useful to students, teachers, researchers, policymakers and common readers.

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 10.0px Arial} Exploring a topic of growing importance that has scant coverage, Intergenerational Equity brings to the fore a comprehensive discussion of intergenerational predicaments. The book explores how corporate and financial social responsibility can leverage intergenerational harmony through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Socially Responsible Investment (SRI).