Calculating The Social
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Author |
: V. Higgins |
Publisher |
: Springer |
Total Pages |
: 235 |
Release |
: 2010-09-29 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780230289673 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0230289673 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (73 Downloads) |
Synopsis Calculating the Social by : V. Higgins
Examining the increasingly powerful role of standards in the governing of economic, political and social life, this book draws upon governmentality and actor network theory to explore how standards and standardizing projects are articulated and rendered workable in practice, and the objects, subjects and forms of identity to which this gives rise.
Author |
: Pierre Kopp |
Publisher |
: Council of Europe |
Total Pages |
: 114 |
Release |
: 2001-01-01 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9287147345 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9789287147349 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (45 Downloads) |
Synopsis Calculating the Social Cost of Illicit Drugs by : Pierre Kopp
Social cost estimates are potentially a valuable source of informing policy makers on the impact of prevention, treatment and law enforcement strategies. However, estimating the social costs of illegal drug use poses a methodological challenge, given the difficulty of quantifying the link between drugs and their negative consequences and in assigning a monetary value to items that do not have market value. This study presents methodological guidance on developing indicators to calculate the social cost of drug abuse, mainly through a "cost-of-illness" approach. The document also contains two case studies of research projects in France that have applied a social-cost analysis to the use of alcohol and tobacco, and to illicit drugs.
Author |
: World Intellectual Property Organization |
Publisher |
: WIPO |
Total Pages |
: 20 |
Release |
: 2022-04-05 |
ISBN-10 |
: |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 ( Downloads) |
Synopsis Calculating private and social returns to COVID-19 vaccine innovation by : World Intellectual Property Organization
What is the return to COVID-19 vaccine innovation? This paper seeks to quantify both private and social returns, using available data on commercialized vaccines and certain assumptions about the pandemic’s epidemiological path as well as the economic costs of containment measures. The calculations reveal high returns to innovation. In the baseline scenario, the social benefit of vaccine innovation amounts to 70.5 trillion United States (U.S.) dollars globally, exceeding its private benefit by a factor of 887. The calculations bear on the private and public incentives to invest in vaccine innovation.
Author |
: James L. Huston |
Publisher |
: UNC Press Books |
Total Pages |
: 444 |
Release |
: 2003 |
ISBN-10 |
: 0807828041 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9780807828045 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (41 Downloads) |
Synopsis Calculating the Value of the Union by : James L. Huston
While slavery is often at the heart of debates over the causes of the Civil War, historians are not agreed on precisely what aspect of slavery-with its various social, economic, political, cultural, and moral ramifications-gave rise to the sectional rift.
Author |
: Benjamin Wiggins |
Publisher |
: Oxford University Press |
Total Pages |
: 176 |
Release |
: 2020-10-08 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780197504017 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0197504019 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (17 Downloads) |
Synopsis Calculating Race by : Benjamin Wiggins
In Calculating Race, Benjamin Wiggins analyzes the historical relationship between statistical risk assessment and race in the United States. He illustrates how, through a reliance on the variable of race, actuarial science transformed the nature of racism and helped usher racial disparities in wealth, incarceration, and housing from the nineteenth century into the twentieth. Wiggins begins by tracing how the life insurance industry utilized race in its calculations at the end of the nineteenth century, focusing particularly on Prudential and its aggressive battles with state regulators to discriminate against clients and adjust rates on the basis of race. He then turns his focus to the collection of racial statistics in the Illinois state penitentiary system in the late nineteenth century and the state's subsequent development of predictive sentencing and parole formulas in the 1920s that weighed race as a key factor. Next, he investigates the role of race in the state-sponsored mortgage insurance program of the Federal Housing Administration between the start of the New Deal and the beginning of the Cold War and its prolonged effects on mortgage lending. Wiggins concludes with an analysis of the use of race in the statistical risk assessments across financial institutions and government programs during the post-civil rights movement era, and how that practice has been transformed in the twenty-first century through "proxy" variables which stand in for the now taboo category of race. Offering readers a new perspective on the historical importance of actuarial science in structural racism, Calculating Race is a particularly timely contribution as Big Data and algorithmic decision making increasingly pervade our lives.
Author |
: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher |
: National Academies Press |
Total Pages |
: 281 |
Release |
: 2017-06-23 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780309454209 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0309454204 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (09 Downloads) |
Synopsis Valuing Climate Damages by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
The social cost of carbon (SC-CO2) is an economic metric intended to provide a comprehensive estimate of the net damages - that is, the monetized value of the net impacts, both negative and positive - from the global climate change that results from a small (1-metric ton) increase in carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions. Under Executive Orders regarding regulatory impact analysis and as required by a court ruling, the U.S. government has since 2008 used estimates of the SC-CO2 in federal rulemakings to value the costs and benefits associated with changes in CO2 emissions. In 2010, the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases (IWG) developed a methodology for estimating the SC-CO2 across a range of assumptions about future socioeconomic and physical earth systems. Valuing Climate Changes examines potential approaches, along with their relative merits and challenges, for a comprehensive update to the current methodology. This publication also recommends near- and longer-term research priorities to ensure that the SC- CO2 estimates reflect the best available science.
Author |
: Volker Then |
Publisher |
: Springer |
Total Pages |
: 421 |
Release |
: 2018-03-13 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9783319714011 |
ISBN-13 |
: 3319714015 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (11 Downloads) |
Synopsis Social Return on Investment Analysis by : Volker Then
This book introduces and explains how to conduct a Social Return on Investment (SROI) analysis. It discusses the various advantages and disadvantages of different research strategies and designs, and explores the different ways in which SROI analysis results can be used for communication, outreach, and strategic decision-making. It provides insights into how and to what extent SROI analyses can help to meet different expectations, and presents different social impact research designs and methods. It presents an analytical framework for the identification of a proper SROI analysis, and shows readers how to establish an impact model, introducing a stakeholder-based approach.
Author |
: Richard Loulou |
Publisher |
: Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages |
: 304 |
Release |
: 2005-04-20 |
ISBN-10 |
: 0387253513 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9780387253510 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (13 Downloads) |
Synopsis Energy and Environment by : Richard Loulou
This new work on energy and environmental modeling describes a broad variety of modeling methodologies, embodied in models of varying scopes and philosophies. Examples range from top-down integrated assessment models to bottom-up partial equilibrium models, to hybrid models.
Author |
: Branko Milanovi? |
Publisher |
: World Bank Publications |
Total Pages |
: 70 |
Release |
: 1999 |
ISBN-10 |
: |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 ( Downloads) |
Synopsis True World Income Distribution, 1988 and 1993 by : Branko Milanovi?
"Inequality in world income is very high, according to household surveys, more because of differences between mean country incomes than because of inequality within countries. World inequality increased between 1988 and 1993, driven by slower growth in rural per capita incomes in populous Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, and India) than in large, rich OECD countries, and by increasing income differences between urban China on the one hand and rural China and rural India on the other"--Cover.
Author |
: William Deringer |
Publisher |
: Harvard University Press |
Total Pages |
: 439 |
Release |
: 2018-02-19 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780674971875 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0674971876 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (75 Downloads) |
Synopsis Calculated Values by : William Deringer
Modern political culture features a deep-seated faith in the power of numbers. But quantitative evidence has not always been revered, as William Deringer shows. After the 1688 Revolution, as Britons learned to fight by the numbers, their enthusiasm for figures arose not from efforts to find objective truths but from the turmoil of politics itself.