Many descriptive grammars report the use of a linguistic pattern at the interface between discourse and syntax which is known generally as tail-head linkage. This volume takes an unprecedented look at this type of linkage across languages and shows that there exist three distinct variants, all subsumed under the hypernym bridging constructions. The chapters highlight the defining features of these constructions in the grammar and their functional properties in discourse. The volume reveals that: Bridging constructions consist of two clauses: a reference clause and a bridging clause. Across languages, bridging clauses can be subordinated clauses, reduced main clauses, or main clauses with continuation prosody.Bridging constructions have three variants: recapitulative linkage, summary linkage and mixed linkage. They differ in the formal makeup of the bridging clause.In discourse, the functions that bridging constructions fulfil depend on the text genres in which they appear and their position in the text.If a language uses more than one type of bridging construction, then each type has a distinct discourse function.Bridging constructions can be optional and purely stylistic or mandatory and serve a grammatical purpose.Although the difference between bridging constructions and clause repetition can be subtle, they maintain their own distinctive characteristics.

Silver Award Winner, 2016 Nautilus Book Award in Young Adult (YA) Non-Fiction Moving beyond the familiar accounts of politics and the achievements of celebrity engineers and designers, Building the Golden Gate Bridge is the first book to primarily feature the voices of the workers themselves. This is the story of survivors who vividly recall the hardships, hazards, and victories of constructing the landmark span during the Great Depression. Labor historian Harvey Schwartz has compiled oral histories of nine workers who helped build the celebrated bridge. Their powerful recollections chronicle the technical details of construction, the grueling physical conditions they endured, the small pleasures they enjoyed, and the gruesome accidents some workers suffered. The result is an evocation of working-class life and culture in a bygone era. Most of the bridge builders were men of European descent, many of them the sons of immigrants. Schwartz also interviewed women: two nurses who cared for the injured and tolerated their antics, the wife of one 1930s builder, and an African American ironworker who toiled on the bridge in later years. These powerful stories are accompanied by stunning photographs of the bridge under construction. An homage to both the American worker and the quintessential San Francisco landmark, Building the Golden Gate Bridge expands our understanding of Depression-era labor and California history and makes a unique contribution to the literature of this iconic span.

Advanced composite materials for bridge structures are recognized as a promising alternative to conventional construction materials such as steel. After an introductory overview and an assessment of the characteristics of bonds between composites and quasi-brittle structures, Advanced Composites in Bridge Construction and Repair reviews the use of advanced composites in the design and construction of bridges, including damage identification and the use of large rupture strain fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The second part of the book presents key applications of FRP composites in bridge construction and repair, including the use of all-composite superstructures for accelerated bridge construction, engineered cementitious composites for bridge decks, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites for cable-stayed bridges and for repair of deteriorated bridge substructures, and finally the use of FRP composites in the sustainable replacement of ageing bridge superstructures. Advanced Composites in Bridge Construction and Repair is a technical guide for engineering professionals requiring an understanding of the use of composite materials in bridge construction. - Reviews key applications of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in bridge construction and repair - Summarizes key recent research in the suitability of advanced composite materials for bridge structures as an alternative to conventional construction materials

For the fiftieth anniversary of the completion of the Verrazano Narrows Bridge, a beautifully produced, heavily illustrated edition of Gay Talese's classic history of the iconic structure, now with a new introduction by the author. The Verrazano Narrows Bridge, linking the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Staten Island, is an engineering marvel. At 13,700 feet, it is the longest suspension bridge in the United States and the sixth longest in the world. But the sheer size of the bridge is only one part of its complicated, fascinating history. Renowned journalist Gay Talese chronicled the human drama the bridge's completion: from the construction workers high on the beams to the backroom dealing that displaced whole neighborhoods to make way for the bridge, through to the opening of this marvel of human ingenuity and engineering. Now in a new, beautifully packaged edition featuring dozens of breathtaking photos and architectural drawings, The Bridge remains both a riveting narrative of politics and courage and a demonstration of Talese's consummate reporting and storytelling that will captivate new generations of readers.

The traveling public has no patience for prolonged, high cost construction projects. This puts highway construction contractors under intense pressure to minimize traffic disruptions and construction cost. Actively promoted by the Federal Highway Administration, there are hundreds of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) construction programs in the United States, Europe and Japan. Accelerated Bridge Construction: Best Practices and Techniques provides a wide range of construction techniques, processes and technologies designed to maximize bridge construction or reconstruction operations while minimizing project delays and community disruption. - Describes design methods for accelerated bridge substructure construction; reducing foundation construction time and methods by using pile bents - Explains applications to steel bridges, temporary bridges in place of detours using quick erection and demolition - Covers design-build systems' boon to ABC; development of software; use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) - Includes applications to glulam and sawn lumber bridges, precast concrete bridges, precast joints details; use of lightweight aggregate concrete, aluminum and high-performance steel

With chapters culled from the acclaimed Bridge Engineering Handbook, Bridge Engineering: Substructure Design focuses on the various components comprising and affecting bridge substructures. These include bearings, piers and columns, towers, abutments and retaining structures, footings and foundations, and bridge hydraulics. For each component, the

First published in 1972, The Great Bridge is the classic account of one of the greatest engineering feats of all time. Winning acclaim for its comprehensive look at the building of the Brooklyn Bridge, this book helped cement David McCullough's reputation as America's preeminent social historian. Now, The Great Bridge is reissued as a Simon & Schuster Classic Edition with a new introduction by the author. This monumental book brings back for American readers the heroic vision of the America we once had. It is the enthralling story of one of the greatest events in our nation's history during the Age of Optimism -- a period when Americans were convinced in their hearts that all great things were possible. In the years around 1870, when the project was first undertaken, the concept of building a great bridge to span the East River between the great cities of Manhattan and Brooklyn required a vision and determination comparable to that which went into the building of the pyramids. Throughout the fourteen years of its construction, the odds against the successful completion of the bridge seemed staggering. Bodies were crushed and broken, lives lost, political empires fell, and surges of public emotion constantly threatened the project. But this is not merely the saga of an engineering miracle: it is a sweeping narrative of the social climate of the time and of the heroes and rascals who had a hand in either constructing or obstructing the great enterprise. Amid the flood of praise for the book when it was originally published, Newsday said succinctly "This is the definitive book on the event. Do not wait for a better try: there won't be any."

Building the Brooklyn Bridge reminds us of the historic importance of this iconic bridge that was once considered the eighth wonder of the world. It opened up development across the East River and made travel between the two independent cities of Brooklyn and New York quicker and more reliable; especially once the bridge railway was fully operational in September 1883, four months after the bridge's opening. Historian Jeffrey Richman describes in engaging detail how the Brooklyn Bridge was built over fourteen years and clearly explains the function of each of its parts, from the anchorages to the massive cables. The story of the construction is also told through 255 remarkable images, many never before published, including 44 images in 3D, specially created for this book. These historic photographs, woodcuts, color lithographs, and engineering drawings take us back in time to when all of America, and much of the world, watched with excitement as a singular bridge of unprecedented size and technology was built over one of the busiest waterways in the world. The book illuminates long-forgotten details and presents the bridge as the engineering marvel that it is-one that still elicits awe and admiration. This is an incredible journey back in time to when all of America-and much of the world-excitedly watched as the Brooklyn Bridge was being built. Reading the book will be a real treat to anyone who has ever stepped onto this beloved icon and been moved by its majesty. A pair of 3D glasses is included with every copy of the book.

Tubular Structures XV contains the latest scientific and engineering developments in the field of tubular structures, as presented at the 15th International Symposium on Tubular Structures (ISTS15, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 27-29 May 2015). The International Symposium on Tubular Structures (ISTS) has a long-standing reputation for being the principal