How did the brewing of beer become a scientific process? Sumner explores this question by charting the theory and practice of the trade in Britain and Ireland during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

This book focuses on the geography of beer in the contexts of policies, perceptions, and place. Chapters examine topics such as government policies (e.g., taxation, legislation, regulations), how beer and beerscapes are presented and perceived (e.g., marketing, neolocalism, roles of women, use of media), and the importance of place (e.g., terroir of ingredients, social and economic impacts of beer, beer clubs). Collectively, the chapters underscore political, cultural, urban, and human-environmental geographies that underlie beer, brewing, and the beer industry.

For Craft Beer Drinkers and Homebrewers Alike From early English origins to modern American examples like Sierra Nevada’s Bigfoot and Rogue’s XS Old Crustacean, barley wines are a favored style among homebrewers and craft beer drinkers alike. In Brewing Barley Wines, widely respected beer and brewing writer Terry Foster presents the history and development of the style as well as the guidance and expertise necessary to successfully homebrew it yourself. The book opens with an exploration of the definition of the style from its murky past to somewhat arbitrary modern standards. Foster explores the style guidelines given by the Brewers Association (BA) and the Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP) and finds them to be narrow, even faulty, showing that many beers not designated as barley wines­—including some stock ales, Scotch ales, wheat wines, and even double IPAs—can be said to fit the style. Foster then goes on to give a history of barley wine, which saw its first specifically labeled commercial example as recently as 1903, but which has been produced for centuries under a variety of names. Originally an English style, barley wines were not generally brewed in America until the rise of craft brewing in the late twentieth century. But having cemented a foothold in the New World, with many craft breweries having at least one featured example and sometimes several, barley wines are now rarely produced by British brewers due to heavy taxation on strong beers. Foster then examines the ingredients used in barley wines as well as best practices and procedures for brewing them, including how to create and successfully manage the high-gravity worts required for making these beers. Finally, Foster provides a collection of sixty recipes showcasing the variety and range of ingredients explored in the book with detailed instructions for making them at home. Brewing Barley Wines belongs in the library of every craft beer drinker or homebrewer.

The spread of Pilsner beer from its inception in 1842 clearly shows the changes wrought by globalization in an age of empire. Its rise was dependent not only on technological innovations and faster supply chains, but also on the increased connectedness of the world and the political and economic structures of empire. Drawing upon a wide range of archival sources from Europe, the Americas, and Sub-Saharan Africa, this study traces the spread of industrial beer brewing in Europe from the late 18th to the early 20th century to show how a single beer style became the global favourite through advances in science, business and imperial power. In highlighting the evolution of consumer tastes through changing hierarchical relationships between the British metropole and colonies, as well as the evolution of business organizations and practices, Globalization in a Glass contributes to ongoing debates about globalization, empire, and trade. It argues that, despite the might and power of the British Empire as a colonizing force, the effects of globalization, imperial trade networks, and colonial migration led to the domination of the most popular Continental European style of beer, the Pilsner, over British-style ales.

The distinction between basic and applied research was central to twentieth-century science and policymaking, and if this framework has been contested in recent years, it nonetheless remains ubiquitous in both scientific and public discourse. Employing a transnational, diachronic perspective informed by historical semantics, this volume traces the conceptual history of the basic–applied distinction from the nineteenth century to today, taking stock of European developments alongside comparative case studies from the United States and China. It shows how an older dichotomy of pure and applied science was reconceived in response to rapid scientific progress and then further transformed by the geopolitical circumstances of the postwar era.

The first half of the nineteenth century witnessed an extraordinary transformation in British political, literary, and intellectual life. There was widespread social unrest, and debates raged regarding education, the lives of the working class, and the new industrial, machine-governed world. At the same time, modern science emerged in Europe in more or less its current form, as new disciplines and revolutionary concepts, including evolution and the vastness of geologic time, began to take shape. In Visions of Science, James A. Secord offers a new way to capture this unique moment of change. He explores seven key books—among them Charles Babbage’s Reflections on the Decline of Science, Charles Lyell’s Principles ofGeology, Mary Somerville’s Connexion of the Physical Sciences, and Thomas Carlyle’s Sartor Resartus—and shows how literature that reflects on the wider meaning of science can be revelatory when granted the kind of close reading usually reserved for fiction and poetry. These books considered the meanings of science and its place in modern life, looking to the future, coordinating and connecting the sciences, and forging knowledge that would be appropriate for the new age. Their aim was often philosophical, but Secord shows it was just as often imaginative, projective, and practical: to suggest not only how to think about the natural world but also to indicate modes of action and potential consequences in an era of unparalleled change. Visions of Science opens our eyes to how genteel ladies, working men, and the literary elite responded to these remarkable works. It reveals the importance of understanding the physical qualities of books and the key role of printers and publishers, from factories pouring out cheap compendia to fashionable publishing houses in London’s West End. Secord’s vivid account takes us to the heart of an information revolution that was to have profound consequences for the making of the modern world.

For almost two centuries, the category of 'applied science' was widely taken to be both real and important. Then, its use faded. How could an entire category of science appear and disappear? By taking a longue durée approach to British attitudes across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Robert Bud explores the scientific and cultural trends that led to such a dramatic rise and fall. He traces the prospects and consequences that gave the term meaning, from its origins to its heyday as an elixir to cure many of the economic, cultural, and political ills of the UK, eventually overtaken by its competitor, 'technology'. Bud examines how 'applied science' was shaped by educational and research institutions, sociotechnical imaginaries, and political ideologies and explores the extent to which non-scientific lay opinion, mediated by politicians and newspapers, could become a driver in the classification of science.

Since the first brew by Captain James Cook and the crew of the Resolution at Dusky Sound in April 1773, the story of beer has been deeply intertwined with the history of Aotearoa &– from the early settlers' prodigious consumption of golden ale to the six o' clock swill, from prohibition to the &‘ Black Budget' , from the domination of Lion and DB to the rise of craft beer.In this remarkable story of New Zealanders and beer, Greg Ryan tackles the big questions: Why did people drink and did they do so excessively by contemporary international standards? What did people drink and in what circumstances? How did tastes change over time? What role did brewers and publicans play in the community, other than as dispensers of alcohol?Richly illustrated, astute and entertaining, Continuous Ferment is both a fascinating analysis of New Zealand' s social history and a book for anyone with an enthusiasm for malt and hops, barrels and bottles, pilsners and porters.

"The Arts of the Microbial World explores how Japanese scientists and skilled workers sought to use the microbe's natural processes to create new products, from soy-sauce mold starters to MSG and from vitamins to statins. In traditional brewing houses as well as in the food, fine chemical, and pharmaceutical industries across Japan, they showcased their ability to deal with the enormous sensitivity and variety of the microbial world. Victoria Lee's careful study offers a lush historical example of a society where scientists asked microbes for what they termed "gifts." Lee's story ranges from the microbe's integration into Japan as an imported concept to its precise application in recombinant DNA biotechnology. By focusing on a conception of life as fermentation in Japan, she showcases the significance of cultural and technical continuities with the pre-modern period in sustaining non-Western technological breakthroughs in the global economy. At a moment when twenty-first-century developments in the fields of antibiotic resistance, the microbiome, and green chemistry strongly suggest that the traditional eradication-based approach to the microbial world is unsustainable, twentieth-century Japanese microbiology provides a new, broader vantage for understanding and managing microbial interactions with society"--

The global triumph of Mendelian genetics in the twentieth century was not a foregone conclusion, thanks to the existence of graft hybrids. These chimeral plants and animals are created by grafting tissue from one organism to another with the goal of passing the newly hybridized genetic material on to their offspring. But prevailing genetic theory insisted that heredity was confined to the sex cells and there was no inheritance of characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime. Under sustained attacks from geneticists, scientific belief in the existence of graft hybrids slowly began to decline. Yet ordinary horticulturalists and breeders continued to believe in the power of grafting. Matthew Holmes tells the story of these organisms—which include multicolored chickens and black nightshades that grew tomatoes—and their enduring influence on twentieth-century biology. Their creators sought a goal as ambitious as the wildest dreams of genetic engineering today: to smash the barriers between species and freely exchange genes between organisms. The Graft Hybrid presents a greater understanding of the controversial history of graft hybrids, offering a crucial intervention in the history of genetics and the future of biological science.