Brazil's Steel City presents a social history of the National Steel Company (CSN), Brazil's foremost state-owned company and largest industrial enterprise in the mid-twentieth century. It focuses on the role the steelworkers played in Brazil's social and economic development under the country's import substitution policies from the early 1940s to the 1964 military coup. Counter to prevalent interpretations of industrial labor in Latin America, where workers figure above all as victims of capitalist exploitation, Dinius shows that CSN workers held strategic power and used it to reshape the company's labor regime, extracting impressive wage gains and benefits. Dinius argues that these workers, and their peers in similarly strategic industries, had the power to undermine the state capitalist development model prevalent in the large economies of postwar Latin America.

Volta Redonda is a Brazilian steel town founded in the 1940s by dictator Getúlio Vargas on an ex-coffee valley as a powerful symbol of Brazilian modernization. The city’s economy, and consequently its citizen’s lives, revolves around the Companha Siderurgica Nacional (CSN), the biggest industrial complex in Latin America. Although the glory days of the CSN have long passed, the company still controls life in Volta Redonda today, creating as much dispossession as wealth for the community. Brazilian Steel Town tells the story of the people tied to this ailing giant – of their fears, hopes, and everyday struggles.

Company towns were the spatial manifestation of a social ideology and an economic rationale. The contributors to this volume show how national politics, social protest, and local culture transformed those founding ideologies by examining the histories of company towns in six countries: Argentina (Firmat), Brazil (Volta Redonda, Santos, Fordlândia), Canada (Sudbury), Chile (El Salvador), Mexico (Santa Rosa, Río Blanco), and the United States (Anaconda, Kellogg, and Sunflower City). Company towns across the Americas played similar economic and social roles. They advanced the frontiers of industrial capitalism and became powerful symbols of modernity. They expanded national economies by supporting extractive industries on thinly settled frontiers and, as a result, brought more land, natural resources, and people under the control of corporations. U.S. multinational companies exported ideas about work discipline, race, and gender to Latin America as they established company towns there to extend their economic reach. Employers indeed shaped social relations in these company towns through education, welfare, and leisure programs, but these essays also show how working-class communities reshaped these programs to serve their needs. The editors’ introduction and a theoretical essay by labor geographer Andrew Herod provide the context for the case studies and illuminate how the company town serves as a window into both the comparative and transnational histories of labor under industrial capitalism.

Study of the industrial development of the iron and steel industry in Brazil - discusses the historical background of the economic structure, the use of technology in and the cost of steel industrial production, the availability of natural resources, the efficiency of the choice of the location of industry and forecasts the future patterns of supply of and demand for Brazilian steel in the world market. Bibliography pp. 183 to 186, map and statistical tables.

In 1977, Stephen Shore travelled across New York state, Pennsylvania, and eastern Ohio - an area in the midst of industrial decline that would eventually be known as the Rust Belt. Shore met steelworkers who had been thrown out of work by plant closures and photographed their suddenly fragile world: deserted factories, lonely bars, dwindling high streets, and lovingly decorated homes. Across these images, a prosperous middle America is seen teetering on the precipice of disastrous decline. Hope and despair alike lurk restlessly behind the surfaces of shop fronts, domestic interiors, and the fraught expressions of those who confront Shore's 4x5" view camera. Originally commissioned as an extended photographic report for Fortune Magazine in the vein of Walker Evans, Shore's multifaceted investigation has only gained political salience in the intervening years. Shore's subjects - including workers, union leaders, and family members - had voted for Jimmy Carter the year preceding his visit; now he found them disillusioned with the new president, fated to leave behind the Democratic party and become the 'Reagan Democrats'. Through unfailingly engrossing images by one of the world's acknowledged masters, Steel Town provides an immersive portrait of a time and place whose significance to our own is ever more urgent. With a text by Helen C. Epstein, author, translator and professor of human rights and public health.--

Non la biennale de Sao Paulo -- Antonio Manuel: experimental exercise of freedom? -- Artur Barrio: a visual aesthetics for the third world -- Cildo Meireles: an explosive art -- Conclusion: Opening the wounds : longing for closure.

Get ready to launch yourself on an incredible journey into a fascinating cultural force and powerful magical system. Born in turn-of-the-century Brazil, the vibrant magical religions of Umbanda, Macumba, Spiritism, and Candomblé combined ecstatic African traditions with European Spiritualism. They share much in common with Wicca, shamanism, and even ceremonial magic. This book is an insider's look at their practices, practices that you can incorporate into your own workings. Call on the powers of the Orixás, the gods of the Afro-Brazilian pantheon; practice their spellwork and rituals, trance and mediumship; experience the energies of tropical botanicals used in magic and healing; and sample Afro-Brazilian cuisine: the foods of the gods. This book: Presents authentic Brazilian magic from a Portuguese and Brazilian scholar. The author has attended ceremonies, interviewed heads of sects, recorded music, and collected artifacts for this book Deepens understanding of channeling, color magic, drumming, nature religions, naturopathic healing, even psychotherapy Introduces a refreshing perspective with important lessons for practitioners of all religions

Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, was once synonymous with steel. But after the factories closed, the city bet its future on a new industry: casino gambling. On the site of the former Bethlehem Steel plant, thousands of flashing slot machines and digital bells replaced the fires in the blast furnaces and the shift change whistles of the industrial workplace. From Steel to Slots tells the story of a city struggling to make sense of the ways in which local jobs, landscapes, and identities are transformed by global capitalism. Postindustrial redevelopment often makes a clean break with a city’s rusted past. In Bethlehem, where the new casino is industrial-themed, the city’s heritage continues to dominate the built environment and infuse everyday experiences. Through the voices of steelworkers, casino dealers, preservationists, immigrants, and executives, Chloe Taft examines the ongoing legacies of corporate presence and urban development in a small city—and their uneven effects. Today, multinational casino corporations increasingly act as urban planners, promising jobs and new tax revenues to ailing communities. Yet in an industry premised on risk and capital liquidity, short-term gains do not necessarily mean long-term commitments to local needs. While residents often have few cards to play in the face of global capital and private development, Taft argues that the shape economic progress takes is not inevitable, nor must it always look forward. Memories of corporations’ accountability to communities persist, and citizens see alternatives for more equitable futures in the layered landscapes all around them.