Women were once excluded everywhere from the legal profession, but by the 1990s the Virginia Supreme Court had three women among its seven justices. This is just one example of how law in Virginia has been transformed over the past century, as it has across the South and throughout the nation. In Blue Laws and Black Codes, Peter Wallenstein shows that laws were often changed not through legislative action or constitutional amendment but by citizens taking cases to state and federal courtrooms. Due largely to court rulings, for example, stores in Virginia are no longer required by "blue laws" to close on Sundays. Particularly notable was the abolition of segregation laws, modified versions of southern states’ "black codes" dating back to the era of slavery and the first years after emancipation. Virginia’s long road to racial equality under the law included the efforts of black civil rights lawyers to end racial discrimination in the public schools, the 1960 Richmond sit-ins, a case against segregated courtrooms, and a court challenge to a law that could imprison or exile an interracial couple for their marriage. While emphasizing a single state, Blue Laws and Black Codes is framed in regional and national contexts. Regarding blue laws, Virginia resembled most American states. Regarding racial policy, Virginia was distinctly southern. Wallenstein shows how people pushed for changes in the laws under which they live, love, work, vote, study, and shop—in Virginia, the South, and the nation.

The ocean and its inhabitants sketch and stretch our understandings of law in unexpected ways. Inspired by the blue turn in the social sciences and humanities, Blue Legalities explores how regulatory frameworks and governmental infrastructures are made, reworked, and contested in the oceans. Its interdisciplinary contributors analyze topics that range from militarization and Maori cosmologies to island building in the South China Sea and underwater robotics. Throughout, Blue Legalities illuminates the vast and unusual challenges associated with regulating the turbulent materialities and lives of the sea. Offering much more than an analysis of legal frameworks, the chapters in this volume show how the more-than-human ocean is central to the construction of terrestrial institutions and modes of governance. By thinking with the more-than-human ocean, Blue Legalities questions what we think we know—and what we don’t know—about oceans, our earthly planet, and ourselves. Contributors. Stacy Alaimo, Amy Braun, Irus Braverman, Holly Jean Buck, Jennifer L. Gaynor, Stefan Helmreich, Elizabeth R. Johnson, Stephanie Jones, Zsofia Korosy, Berit Kristoffersen, Jessica Lehman, Astrida Neimanis, Susan Reid, Alison Rieser, Katherine G. Sammler, Astrid Schrader, Kristen L. Shake, Phil Steinberg

Particularly notable was the abolition of segregation laws, modified versions of southern states' "black codes" dating back to the era of slavery and the first years after emancipation. Virginia's long road to racial equality under the law included the efforts of black civil rights lawyers to end racial discrimination in the public schools, the 1960 Richmond sit-ins, a case against segregated courtrooms, and a court challenge to a law that could imprison or exile an interracial couple for their marriage. While emphasizing a single state, Blue Laws and Black Codes is framed in regional and national contexts. Regarding blue laws, Virginia resembled most American states. Regarding racial policy, Virginia was distinctly southern. Book jacket.

New Investigative Book Exposes Former President's Foundation is at the Center of the Anti-Police Firestorm The wave of riots and anti-police actions that began in the Spring of 2020, and continue to this day, have been generally reported by the mainstream media as an entirely spontaneous grass roots response to the death in police custody of George Floyd in Minneapolis. The mainstream media got it wrong. National Police Association writer and retired Seattle police officer Steve Pomper's new book, The Obama Gang, provides for the first time an explanation that what happened was far from spontaneous. This investigation into what is really behind the new vilification of law enforcement exposes the groundwork for the anti-police firestorm was carefully created, organized and led by former president Barack Obama's Foundation, and executed by the Foundation's web of allies. The anti-police machine which has been constructed to operate across the country 24/7. The seemingly independent anti-police factions are in actuality part of a larger "family" or "gang" of wealthy and radical individuals and organizations. With former President Barack H. Obama's Foundation at the top, they operate similar to an organized crime family--on the periphery of civil society. From the bottom up, the organizational chart begins with the "soldiers" on the streets, who caused such visible destruction during 2020, and climbs the crowded pyramid to the top. This "family", or gang of individuals and organizations are now working together like never before to collapse policing in America as we know it--to collapse America as we know it.

Reprint of the original, first published in 1838.

Reprint of the original, first published in 1876.