The biophysics of diving and decompression in the human body are complex. The average individual experiences atmospheric pressure swings of 3% at sea level and over 20% at altitudes greater than a mile. Divers and their equipment can experience compressions and decompressions in orders of greater magnitude than pressures outside water, all within considerably shorter time spans. The understanding of the mechanics behind diving is based on absolute pressure and pressure changes. While these mechanics are readily quantified in physics, chemistry, and engineering applications, the physiological and medical aspects of pressure changes in living systems need to be understood clearly to assess the safety of routine divers. This monograph is a compilation of a body of knowledge on biophysics, gas transport, bubble studies and physiological models used for diving and hyperbaric applications. Information in the monograph is divided into three parts that cover biophysics and models, data correlation and validation approaches and practical applications, respectively. The book is a useful resource for researchers and maritime professionals who wish to understand the biophysics behind underwater diving and decompression for the purpose of maritime operations as well as diving simulation applications.

This brief provides a complete yet concise description of modern dive computers and their operations to date in one source with coupled applications for added understanding. Basic diving principles are detailed with practical computer implementations. Interrelated topics to diving protocols and operational procedures are included. Tests, statistics and correlations of computer models with data are underscored. The exposition also links phase mechanics to dissolved gases in modern decompression theory with mathematical relationships and equations used in dive computer synthesis. Applications focus upon and mimic dive computer operations within model implementations for added understanding. This comprehensive resource includes a complete list of dive computers that are marketed and their staging models, as well as a complete list of diveware marketed and their staging algorithms, linkage of pertinent wet and dry tests to modern computer algorithms, a description of two basic computer models with all constants and parameters, mathematical ansatz of on-the-fly risk for surfacing at any dive depth, detailing of statistical techniques used to validate dive computers from data, and a description of profile Data Banks for computer dive model correlations. The book will find an audience amongst computer scientists, doctors, underwater researchers, engineers, physical and biosciences diving professionals, explorers, chamber technicians, physiologists and technical and recreational divers.

'One of the best accounts ever written of deep-water diving and its staggering, haunting dangers' Robert Kurson, New York Times bestselling author of Shadow Divers Deep underwater lurks a mysterious man-made illness. It has gone by many names over the years – Satan’s disease, diver’s palsy, the chokes – but today, medics call it decompression sickness. You know it as the bends. That’s the devil British diver Martin Robson faces each time he plunges beneath the surface. In the winter of 2012, Robson was part of an expedition to Blue Lake, southern Russia, which sought to find a submerged cave system never seen by the human eye. On the final day of the expedition, as Robson returned from diving deeper into the lake than anyone had before, disaster struck: just seventy-five feet down, he was ambushed by the bends. Robson knew that if he continued up to the surface he would probably die before help arrived. Instead, he sank back into the water, gambling on an underwater practice most doctors believe is a suicidal act. Soon the only hope he had of saving his life would rest in the hands of a dramatic mercy mission organised at the highest levels of the Russian government. Between the Devil and the Deep is the first book to tell the terrifying true story of what it feels like to get the bends, taking you inside the body and mind of a man who suffered the unthinkable. Writer Mark Cowan also explores the grimly fascinating history of decompression sickness, the science behind what causes the disease, and the stories of the forgotten divers who pushed the limits of physical endurance to help find a solution.

This book focuses on physics and associated mathematical relationships. Basic principles are first presented, and then practical applications and results are detailed. The intent here is to present a working view of physical phase mechanics, then followed by application to decompression theory in diving. It is directed toward the diver and reader with a basic understanding of decompression. Basically the mechanics of tissue gas exchange, bubbles and nucleation, supersaturation, perfusion and diffusion, and related mechanisms are discussed. The targeted audience is especially the doctor or physiologist, physicist, chemist, mathematician, engineer or biologist by training and also the commercial diver, technical diver, instructor, hyperbaric technician, underwater researcher, looking for greater detail.

Biophysics is the science of physical principles underlying the "phenomenon of life" on all levels of organization. This book begins by explaining molecular and ionic interactions, movements, excitation and energy transfer, and the self-organization of supramolecular structures. Then the biological organism is introduced as a non-equilibrium system. Finally, system analyses are discussed as well as environmental biophysics, ecological interactions, growth, differentiation, and evolution. A growing number of applications in biotechnology are based on these biophysical concepts.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme