First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

It is now impossible to imagine a world without sex hormones. Women all over the world take hormonal pills to control their fertility and estrogen and proges­terone have become the most widely used drugs in the history of medicine. But why has the female rather than the male body become increasingly subjected to hormonal treatment? Nelly Oudshoorn challenges the idea that there exists such a thing as a natural body and shows how concepts such as the hormonal body assume the appear­ance of natural phenomena by virtue of the activities of scientists, rather than being rooted in nature. Beyond the Natural Body tells the fascinating story of scientists' search for the ovaries, testes and urine required to develop the hormonal concept; investigating how sex hormones have shaped our understanding of sex and the body, trans­forming science and medicine and ultimately redefining the relationship of women to reproduction. Nelly Oudshoorn concludes by evaluating the mixed blessings of the hormonal revolution.

proposes an approach to evolution that is more in harmony with modern science than Darwinism or neo-Darwinism

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Notes on contributors -- Editor's foreword -- Part I Overview -- Introduction -- 1 Françoise d'Eaubonne and ecofeminism: rediscovering the link between women and nature -- Part II Rethinking animality -- 2 A retreat on the "river bank": perpetuating patriarchal myths in animal stories -- 3 Visual patriarchy: PETA advertising and the commodification of sexualized bodies -- 4 Ethical transfeminism: transgender individuals' narratives as contributions to ethics of vegetarian ecofeminisms -- Part III Constructing connections -- 5 The women-nature connection as a key element in the social construction of Western contemporary motherhood -- 6 The nature of body image: the relationship between women's body image and physical activity in natural environments -- 7 Writing women into back-to-the-land: feminism, appropriation, and identity in the 1970s magazine -- Part IV Mediating practices -- 8 Bilha Givon as Sartre's "third party" in environmental dialogues -- 9 "Yo soy mujer" ¿yo soy ecologista? Feminist and ecological consciousness at the Women's Intercultural Center -- 10 The politics of land, water and toxins: reading the life-narratives of three women oikos-carers from Kerala -- 11 Ecofeminism and the telegenics of celebrity in documentary film: the case of Aradhana Seth's Dam/Age (2003) and the Narmada Bachao Andolan -- Afterword -- Index

"All women need to read this book."—Dave Asprey, author of The Bulletproof Diet "Groundbreaking solutions for the common hormonal struggles women face both on and off birth control."—Amy Medling, founder of PCOS Diva and author of Healing PCOS A natural, effective program for restoring hormone balance, normalizing your period, and reversing the harmful side effects of ‘The Pill’—for the millions of women who take it for acne, PMS, menstrual cramps, PCOS, Endometriosis, and many more reasons other than contraception. Out of the 100 million women—almost 11 million in the United States alone—who are on the pill, roughly 60 percent take it for non-contraceptive reasons like painful periods, endometriosis, PCOS, and acne. While the birth control pill is widely prescribed as a quick-fix solution to a variety of women’s health conditions, taking it can also result in other more serious and dangerous health consequences. Did you know that women on the pill are more likely to be prescribed an antidepressant? That they are at significantly increased risk for autoimmune disease, heart attack, thyroid and adrenal disorders, and even breast and cervical cancer? That the pill can even cause vaginal dryness, unexplained hair loss, flagging libido, extreme fatigue, and chronic infection. As if women didn’t have enough to worry about, that little pill we’re taking to manage our symptoms is only making things worse. Jolene Brighten, ND, author of the groundbreaking new book Beyond the Pill, specializes in treating women’s hormone imbalances caused by the pill and shares her proven 30-day program designed to reverse the myriad of symptoms women experience every day—whether you choose to stay on the pill or not. The first book of its kind to target the birth control pill and the scientifically-proven symptoms associated with taking it, Beyond the Pill is an actionable plan for taking control, and will help readers: Locate the root cause of their hormonal issues, like estrogen dominance, low testosterone, and low progesterone Discover a pain-free, manageable period free of cramps, acne, stress, or PMS without the harmful side effects that come with the pill Detox the liver, support the adrenals and thyroid, heal the gut, reverse metabolic mayhem, boost fertility, and enhance mood Transition into a nutrition and supplement program, with more than 30 hormone-balancing recipes Featuring simple diet and lifestyle interventions, Beyond the Pill is the first step to reversing the risky side effects of the pill, finally finding hormonal health, and getting your badass self back.

A theoretically sophisticated and cross-disciplinary reader in the anthropology of the body.

When a chimpanzee stockpiles rocks as weapons or when a frog sends out mating calls, we might easily assume these animals know their own motivations--that they use the same psychological mechanisms that we do. But as Beyond the Brain indicates, this is a dangerous assumption because animals have different evolutionary trajectories, ecological niches, and physical attributes. How do these differences influence animal thinking and behavior? Removing our human-centered spectacles, Louise Barrett investigates the mind and brain and offers an alternative approach for understanding animal and human cognition. Drawing on examples from animal behavior, comparative psychology, robotics, artificial life, developmental psychology, and cognitive science, Barrett provides remarkable new insights into how animals and humans depend on their bodies and environment--not just their brains--to behave intelligently. Barrett begins with an overview of human cognitive adaptations and how these color our views of other species, brains, and minds. Considering when it is worth having a big brain--or indeed having a brain at all--she investigates exactly what brains are good at. Showing that the brain's evolutionary function guides action in the world, she looks at how physical structure contributes to cognitive processes, and she demonstrates how these processes employ materials and resources in specific environments. Arguing that thinking and behavior constitute a property of the whole organism, not just the brain, Beyond the Brain illustrates how the body, brain, and cognition are tied to the wider world.

Combining your body’s Paleolithic needs with modern nutritional and medical research for complete mind-body wellness • Provides sustainable diet strategies to curb sugar cravings, promote fat burning and weight loss, reduce stress and anxiety, improve sleep and moods, increase energy and immunity, and enhance memory and brain function • Shows how our modern diet leads to weight gain and “diseases of civilization”--such as cancer, osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, heart disease, and ADD • Explains how diet affects the brain, hormone balance, and the aging process and the crucial role of vitamin D in cancer and disease prevention Examining the healthy lives of our pre-agricultural Paleolithic ancestors and the marked decline in stature, bone density, and dental health and the increase in birth defects, malnutrition, and disease following the implementation of the agricultural lifestyle, Nora Gedgaudas shows how our modern grain- and carbohydrate-heavy low-fat diets are a far cry from the high-fat, moderate-protein hunter-gatherer diets we are genetically programmed for, leading not only to lifelong weight gain but also to cravings, mood disorders, cognitive problems, and “diseases of civilization”--such as cancer, osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance), heart disease, and mental illness. Applying modern discoveries to the basic hunter-gatherer diet, she culls from vast research in evolutionary physiology, biochemistry, metabolism, nutrition, and chronic and degenerative disease to unveil a holistic lifestyle for true mind-body health and longevity. Revealing the primal origins and physiological basis for a high-fat, moderate-protein, starch-free diet and the importance of adequate omega-3 intake--critical to our brain and nervous system but sorely lacking in most people’s diets--she explains the nutritional problems of grains, gluten, soy, dairy, and starchy vegetables; which natural fats promote health and which (such as canola oil) harm it; the crucial role of vitamin D in cancer and disease prevention; the importance of saturated fat and cholesterol; and how diet affects mental health, memory, cognitive function, hormonal balance, and cellular aging. With step-by-step guidelines, recipes, and meal recommendations, this book offers sustainable strategies for a primally based, yet modern approach to diet and exercise to reduce stress and anxiety, lose weight, improve sleep and mood, increase energy and immunity, enhance brain function, save money on groceries, and live longer and happier.

Dermatologist-to-the-stars Doris Day, MD, explains how the power of your mind and breakthroughs in anti-aging can help you look and feel Beyond Beautiful. Do not have another treatment, procedure, or buy another product before reading this book! Did you know that your mind is as important as any aesthetic treatment to improve the way you look? Beyond Beautiful will teach you how to improve your self-perception, explain breakthrough treatments and products and when to use them, and give you a roadmap to become the most youthful, natural-looking, beautiful version of yourself! Learn how to: boost self-confidence, fight aging, minimize crow's feet, fix lip lines and thinning, tighten your chin and neck, improve the look of veiny hands, get healthy hair and reverse hair loss, treat acne and rashes, relieve stress, look better because of sex, use makeup at every age, improve your look with facial exercises, choose the right products in every decade, approach preventative skin care, choose the cosmetic treatments that are right for you, enjoy life like never before, and more! "The Skin Whisperer." -- Dr. Oz, Professor of Surgery, Columbia University "Dr. Day will show you how to put the brakes on the aging process." -- Barbara Walters, award-winning television anchor, producer, and journalist

Preamble The emergence of machine intelligence during the second half of the twentieth century is the most important development in the evolution of this planet since the origin of life two to three thousand million years ago. The emergence of machine intelligence within the matrix of human society is analogous to the emergence, three billion years ago, of complex, self-replicating molecules within the matrix of an energy-rich molecular soup - the first step in the evolution of life. The emergence of machine intelligence within a human social context has set into motion irreversible processes which will lead to an evolutionary discontinuity. Just as the emergence of "Life" represented a qualitatively different form of organisation of matter and energy, so will pure "Intelligence" represent a qualitatively different form of organisation of matter, energy and life. The emergence of machine intelligence presages the progression of the human species as we know it, into a form which, at present, we would not recognise as "human". As Forsyth and Naylor (1985) have pointed out: "Humanity has opened two Pandora's boxes at the same time, one labelled genetic engineering, the other labelled knowledge engineering. What we have let out is not entirely clear, but it is reasonable to hazard a guess that it contains the seeds of our successors".