Defeated commanders are frequently blamed for the decisions which they made, sometimes with serious or even fatal consequences. The case of the unfortunate Admiral Byng is an example from British naval history. This is the first book in the English language devoted to the story of Bazaine.

A brilliant study of France and French military power through four generations. The careers of the two Marshalls span the years from Napoleon’s downfall to Verdun and Vichy France. “This biography of two soldiers of France is, in effect, a history of the French Army for a hundred years, as well as portraiture of marked differences and striking contrasts. There are strong touches of irony and emphasis in Bazaine’s life and army career, his strength, and innocence in face of public blame following the surrender at Metz in 1870 — and Pétain’s, whose weakness and mediocrity contrast baldly with his predecessor. “The first Marshal was made a scapegoat by his defeated country, and when the second Marshal came to power, the scapegoat was France”. The elaborate sketching of background material, the bird’s eye views of each successive era in French history provide a three-dimensional setting for each man. Bazaine’s is a more thorough characterization, for Petain’s seems more often guesswork and speculation through lack of early factual material. However there is justice and judgement in this study of “the psychology of defeat” and Guedalla’s lively style and personal approach to his subjects is good reading.”-Kirkus Reviews

Wawro describes the Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1, that violently changed the course of European history.

In 1870 the German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck ordered the Prussian Army to invade France, inciting one of the most dramatic conflicts in European history. It transformed not only the states-system of the European continent but the whole climate of European moral and political thought. The overwhelming triumph of German military might, evoking general admiration and imitation, introduced an era of power politics, which was to reach its disastrous climax in 1914. Michael Howard's The Franco-Prussian War is widely acclaimed as a classic and the definitive history of one of the most dramatic and decisive conflicts in the history of Europe. Evoking a palpable sense of the struggle and the high stakes of the war, Howard analyses the tactics, political dynamics, morale and actions that determined the course of the conflict. He also describes the crucial role played by key figures in the war, including Bismarck, the Prussian military commander Helmuth Von Moltke, and the French generals MacMahon, Chanzy and Trochu. He also sheds fascinating light on how difficult it was to bring the war to an end, with extremists in both France and Prussia pushing to prolong the conflict. A tour de force of both European and military history, The Franco-Prussian War is a superb account of this dramatic and hugely important conflict, ideal for the student, historian and general reader alike. This Routledge Classics edition includes a new Foreword by Bertrand Taithe.