The importance of technology transfer to innovation and wealth creation is now recog nised by most governments. As the policy debate has intensified, however, it has become clear that the problem of encouraging successful transfer is complex, and requires an interdisciplinary approach. The collection of papers in this volume is deliberately diverse. It offers perspectives from economics, sociology, science, engineering and public administration, and also from outside academic life, from those involved at the 'sharp end' of technology licensing and administering government research programmes. Contributions are also drawn from a rangeofnational backgrounds-the authors are drawn from ten countries, from through out Europe and North America. The main focus for the papers was a NATOAdvanced Study Workshop, which took place at the National Institute ofEconomic and Social Research, London, in September 1995. Unfortunately time and space has prevented all of the contributions appearing here, but all those who attended played an important role in making the event such a success. Thanks are also due to Dr Alain Jubier and his colleagues at NATO, without whose support and advice the seminarcould not have take place, to my fellow organising committee members Dr Katalin Balazs, Dr Linda Parker and Professor Steve Woolgar, and to Monica Miglior who, in addition to assisting in the conference organisation, pro vided detailed notes on sessions which helped greatly in later analysis.

The book discusses climate technology transfer under the UNFCCC framework, and China’s relevant legislation and practices. It first explores theoretical basis of climate change-related technology transfer, with a particular focus on the differences between climate technology transfer and business-as-usual performance. The book then reviews practices of both technology supplier and user, in order to generally identify potential legal barriers and obstacles. Finally, it sheds light on China, providing a comprehensive assessment on barriers that hinder the trans-boundary transfers of low carbon technologies and need to be overcome in future. The issues concerned involve two of the most dynamic areas in current China’s lawmaking progress: environment laws and Intellectual Property laws. The book provides an in-depth analysis on China’s legislation and practices in this regard. At international level, the legal framework of climate technology transfer is examined in a systematic, prudent and constructive manner. On this basis, the book highlights potential commons, consistency and possible coordination between the UNFCCC and the WTO regime. This book is accessible to both Chinese and international environmental law specialists. It appeals to a broad readership, including environmental scientists, economists concerned with China’s intellectual property law, foreign investment law and anyone interested in the topic: how to green intellectual property rights regime for climate technology transfer in the China context.

Beginning in 1980, the U.S. Government has made a concerted effort to commercialize technologies developed in government laboratories. However, to date, only a small portion of these technologies have been successfully transferred from the laboratory into the commercial sector. Based on intrinsic and extrinsic components, the commercialization potential of environmental technologies is evaluated. Using the strategic technology evaluation program (STEP) model developed at the University of Cincinnati and three case studies of successfully commercialized environmental technologies, critical success factors and barriers to technology transfer are extracted. Findings indicate that the successful transfer and commercialization of environmental technology requires at a minimum: (1) adequate market demand, (2) technology with a great likelihood of meeting that demand, and (3) a company with the marketing, management, and communication resources to bring the product to the market. (SFL).

Domestic technology transfer is the positive exchange of information among the members of the scientific and engineering communities within the US, both defense and non-defense related. Technology export can be intentional or non-intentional, and the results can produce strategic benefits/detriments to the nation's economic, political, and military goals. The dichotomy and the dynamics of the national policies and directives on these two aspects of technology transfer are discussed for the bench engineer. The roles of the bench engineer in the government laboratory, industrial R & D center, and the university research facility/laboratory, are delineated. Guidance is provided on how to separate classified information from unclassified military significant technology, and from other unclassified technology information. The active participant role for the bench engineer is advocated to accomplish national security objectives through encouraging domestic technology transfer and preparing accurate technology assessments for considerations in export control case processing. (Author).