Following Mao Zedong’s Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957–58, Chinese intellectuals were subjected to “re-education” by the state. In Banished to the Great Northern Wilderness, Ning Wang draws on labour farm archives, interviews, and memoirs to provide a remarkable look at the suffering and complex psychological world of banished Beijing intellectuals. Wang’s use of these newly uncovered Chinese-language sources challenges the concept of the intellectual as renegade martyr – showing how exiles often declared allegiance to the state for self-preservation. While Mao’s campaign victimized the banished, many of those same people also turned against their comrades. Wang describes the ways in which the state sought to remould the intellectuals, and he illuminates the strategies the exiles used to deal with camp officials and improve their chances of survival.

After Mao Zedong’s Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957–58, Chinese intellectuals were subjected to "re-education" by the state. In Banished to the Great Northern Wilderness, Ning Wang draws on labor farm archives, interviews, and memoirs to provide a remarkable look at the suffering and complex psychological world of these banished Beijing intellectuals. Wang’s use of newly uncovered Chinese-language sources challenges the concept of the intellectual as renegade martyr, showing how exiles often declared allegiance to the state for self-preservation. While Mao’s campaign victimized the banished, many of those same people also turned against their comrades. Wang describes the ways in which the state sought to remold the intellectuals, and he illuminates the strategies the exiles used to deal with camp officials and improve their chances of survival.

"This book illuminates the dark corners of life in Mao's China, forty years after the Paramount Leader's death. During the Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957-58, scholars, artists, journalists, and others whom the state considered suspicious "intellectuals" were targeted for "re-education." In Banished to the Great Northern Wilderness, Ning Wang draws on labour camp archives, memoirs, and interviews to provide a remarkable look at the suffering and complex psychological world of banished Chinese intellectuals. His use of these newly uncovered Chinese-language sources paints a vivid and nuanced picture that challenges our concept of the intellectual as renegade martyr."--.

With over forty original essays, The Oxford Handbook of Modern Chinese Literatures offers an in-depth engagement with the current analytical methodologies and critical practices that are shaping the field in the twenty-first century. Divided into three sections--Structure, Taxonomy, and Methodology--the volume carefully moves across approaches, genres, and forms to address a rich range topics that include popular culture in Late Qing China, Zhang Guangyu's Journey to the West in Cartoons, writings of Southeast Asian migrants in Taiwan, the Chinese Anglophone Novel, and depictions of HIV/AIDS in Chu T'ien-wen's Notes of a Desolate Man.

Righteous Revolutionaries illustrates how states appeal to popular morality—shared understandings of right and wrong—to forge new group identities and mobilize violence against perceived threats to their authority. Jeffrey A. Javed examines the Chinese Communist Party’s mass mobilization of violence during its land reform campaign in the early 1950s, one of the most violent and successful state-building efforts in history. Using an array of novel archival, documentary, and quantitative historical data, this book illustrates that China’s land reform campaign was not just about economic redistribution but rather part of a larger, brutally violent state-building effort to delegitimize the new party-state’s internal rivals and establish its moral authority. Righteous Revolutionaries argues that the Chinese Party-state simultaneously removed perceived threats to its authority at the grassroots and bolstered its legitimacy through a process called moral mobilization. This mobilization process created a moral boundary that designated a virtuous ingroup of “the masses” and a demonized outgroup of “class enemies,” mobilized the masses to participate in violence against this broadly defined outgroup, and strengthened this symbolic boundary by making the masses complicit in state violence. Righteous Revolutionaries shows how we can find traces of moral mobilization in China today under Xi Jinping’s rule. In an era where states and politicians regularly weaponize moral emotions to foment intergroup conflict and violence, understanding the dynamics of violent mobilization and state authority are more relevant than ever before.

CONTENTS No. 13 (Spring 2013) 3 Opening Speech for AwardCeremony(by Tienchi Martin-Liao) 5 Exposing Historical Truth (by Biao CHEN) 7 Awardee's Statementon Freedom to Write Award(by YANG Xianhui) 9 Acting with Documentation (by JIANG Danwen) 10 Speech by Presenter of Lin Zhao Memorial Award(by Sarah HOFFMAN) 12 Tenacity and Courage Regardless of Repeated Imprisonments (by Yu ZHANG) 14 Speech by Presenter of Liu Xiaobo Courage to Write Award (by Marian FRASER) 17 Awardee's Statementon Liu Xiaobo Courage to Write Award (by QIN Yongmin) 20 Closing Remarks for Award Ceremony (by Patrick Poon) 21 ICPCComments on Human Rights Concerning China’s Universal Periodic Review 22 No. 14 (Summer 2013) 25 Sixty-four Years of Literary Inquisition Surpasses Two Millennia. 27 Wang Shiwei Dismembered on CPC Anniversary. 32 Hu FengImprisoned for a Petition to Mao. 37 Lin ZhaoAlone Dispatched to Execution Site. 45 Wu HanBrought Down for Historical Insinuation. 51 Wei JingshengImprisoned for Warning about Deng. 56 HadaJailed over Self-determination. 63 Yasin Chargedof Wild Pigeon’s Separatism.. 66 Liu XiaoboWinning a Prize with No Enemies 68 Afterword: Shocking Stories of Life and Death(by Tienchi Martin-Liao) 77 No. 15 (Autumn 2013) 80 Shen CongwenRetires His Pen on New Year’s Eve. 82 Xiao JunAccused of Being Anti-Soviet 96 Lin XilingHandpicked as an Ultra-Rightist 104 Mei ZhiFollowing Her Husband to Prison. 111 Li JiantongBanned for her Anti-Party Novel 115 Yu LuokeExecuted for “Family Background”. 119 Wang ShenyouPut to Death for His Love Letter 124 Liao YiwuIncriminated for His Poem.. 129 Zhao ChangqingInciting Subversion through Elections 133 Shi TaoSentenced for Sending an Email 139 No. 16 (Winter 2013) 144 Ah LongSuppressed for Distortion of Marxism.. 146 Ai QingBanished with His Family to the Borderland. 150 Tian HanDead because of His Tragic Opera. 159 Liu WenhuiKilled for Opposing Cultural Revolution. 168 Wang RuowangCharged for Offending Mao and Lin. 171 Yang XiguangSentenced for “Whither China”. 177 Wang ZaoshiPursuing Wei Zheng Spirit 182 Chen FengxiaoDreams Broken at Weiming Lake. 196 Yuan ChangyingSoul Remaining at Luojia Hill 202 Nie GannuConvicted for His Poetry. 207

The harshness of the modern Communist regime has far exceeded that of all past despots, as the PRC’s founder Mao Zedong openly acknowledged: “What was Emperor Qin Shi Huang? He only buried 460 scholars, but we buried 46,000. During the suppression of counter-revolutionaries, didn’t we kill some counterrevolutionary intellectuals? I’ve discussed this with pro-democracy advocates: ‘You call us Qin Shi Huang as an insult, but we’ve surpassed Qin Shi Huang a hundred-fold.’ Some people curse us as dictators like Qin Shi Huang. We must categorically accept this as factually accurate. Unfortunately, you haven’t said enough and leave it to us to say the rest”. In fact, the number of writers killed under CPC rule far exceeds 46,000, and the number imprisoned is incalculable. This volume collects 64 cases occurring from 1947 to 2010, with one emblematic case for each year, but these represent just the tip of the iceberg. The CPC has officially acknowledged that 550,000 people were labeled “Rightists” from 1957 to 1959, mostly through various types of literary inquisition, making the 130-plus cases of the Qianlong period pale in comparison. This volume describes the cases of 12 “Rightist” victims – Sun Mingxun, Feng Xuefeng, Lin Xiling, Ding Ling, Ai Qing, Lin Zhao, Wang Ruowang, Wang Zaoshi, Chen Fengxiao, Yuan Changying, Nie Gannu and Liu Binyan, obviously only a minute proportion. In the single case of the “anti-Party” novel Liu Zhidan, more than 10,000 people were persecuted, the most wide-ranging literary inquisition in Chinese history. In the case of Wang Shenyou’s love letter, Wang ripped up the letter before sending it, but he was forced to rewrite it and was then executed for his “unspoken criticism”. A multitude of such cases demonstrates that literary inquisition has reached its fullest flowering under CPC rule.

In Utopian Ruins Jie Li traces the creation, preservation, and elision of memories about China's Mao era by envisioning a virtual museum that reckons with both its utopian yearnings and its cataclysmic reverberations. Li proposes a critical framework for understanding the documentation and transmission of the socialist past that mediates between nostalgia and trauma, anticipation and retrospection, propaganda and testimony. Assembling each chapter like a memorial exhibit, Li explores how corporeal traces, archival documents, camera images, and material relics serve as commemorative media. Prison writings and police files reveal the infrastructure of state surveillance and testify to revolutionary ideals and violence, victimhood and complicity. Photojournalism from the Great Leap Forward and documentaries from the Cultural Revolution promoted faith in communist miracles while excluding darker realities, whereas Mao memorabilia collections, factory ruins, and memorials at trauma sites remind audiences of the Chinese Revolution's unrealized dreams and staggering losses.

Having made documentary films screened at the most prestigious film festivals in the West, Chinese documentary filmmaker Wang Bing presents a unique case of independent filmmaking. In The Cinema of Wang Bing, Bruno Lessard examines the documentarian’s most important films, focusing on the two obsessions at the heart of his oeuvre—the legacy of Maoist China in the present and the transformation of labor since China’s entry into the market economy—and how the crucial figures of survivor and worker are represented on screen. Bruno Lessard argues that Wang Bing is a minjian (grassroots) intellectual whose films document the impact of Mao’s Great Leap Forward on Chinese collective memory and register the repercussions of China’s turn to neoliberalism on workers in the post-Reform era. Bringing together Chinese documentary studies and China studies, the author shows how Wang Bing’s practice reflects the minjian ethos when documenting the survivors of the Great Famine and those who have not benefitted from China’s neoliberal policies—from laid-off workers to migrant workers. The films discussed include some of Wang Bing’s most celebrated works such as West of the Tracks and Dead Souls, as well as neglected documentaries such as Coal Money and Bitter Money. “Bruno Lessard analyzes Wang Bing’s documentary masterpieces through the twin lens of history and labor. Incisively framing them as a sustained critical intervention in how China understands itself through the legacy of Maoism and Deng Xiaoping’s neoliberal reform project, The Cinema of Wang Bing makes me want to watch the films again.” —Chris Berry, King’s College London “Professor Lessard offers an original and comprehensive study of Wang Bing’s contribution to Chinese documentary as a mode of observation and reflection on some of the most crucial periods of China’s recent and present history . . . I certainly felt that reading the films through a sociohistorical approach produced a more vibrant understanding of Wang Bing’s oeuvre.” —Cecília Mello, University of São Paulo

Over the past century and a half, China has experienced foreign invasion, warfare, political turmoil, and revolution, along with massive economic and technological change. Through all this change, there is one stable element: grandmothers, as child carers, household managers, religious devotees, transmitters of culture, and, above all, sources of love, warmth, and affection. In this interdisciplinary and longitudinal study, China's Grandmothers sheds light on the status and lives of grandmothers in China over the years from the late Qing Dynasty to the twenty-first century. Combining a wide range of historical and biographical materials, Diana Lary explores the changes and continuities in the lives of grandmothers through revolution, wars, and radical upheaval to the present phase of economic growth. Informed by her own experience as a grandchild and grandmother, Lary offers a fresh and compelling way of looking at gender, family, and ageing in modern Chinese society.