Attribute grammars have shown themselves to be a useful formalism for specifying the syntax and the static semantics of programming languages. They are also useful for implementing syntax-directed editors, compilers, translator writing systems and compiler generators, and any application that has a strong syntactic base. However, no textbooks are available that cover the entire field. To redress this imbalance, anInternational Summer School on Attribute Grammars, Applications and Systems was held in Prague, Czechoslovakia in June 1991. The course aimed at teaching the state of the art in attribute grammars, and their relation to other language specification methods. This volume presents the proceedings of the school. The papers are well suited for self-study, and a selection of them can be used for introductory courses in attribute grammars.

Proceedings

This book treats the problem of formulating models in mathematical programming, and thereafter solving the resulting model. Particular emphasis is placed on the interaction between the two. The topic is viewed from different angles, namely linear programming (Walter Murray), integer programming (Ellis Johnson), network flows (John Mulvey), and stochastic programming (Roger J-B Wets). The book will be very useful for any mathematics programmer or operations researcher who works in the field of real-world modelling. The book is an important part of any university course in modelling, particularly in operations research, economics and business. The book also contains an article on the origins of mathematical programming (Alexander Rinnooy Kan). This is important reading for anyone interested in the history of the field.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Programming Languages, Implementations, Logics, and Programs, PLILP '96, held in conjunction with ALP and SAS in Aachen, Germany, in September 1996. The 30 revised full papers presented in the volume were selected from a total of 97 submissions; also included are one invited contribution by Lambert Meerlens and five posters and demonstrations. The papers are organized in topical sections on typing and structuring systems, program analysis, program transformation, implementation issues, concurrent and parallel programming, tools and programming environments, lambda-calculus and rewriting, constraints, and deductive database languages.

Web Mining is moving the World Wide Web toward a more useful environment in which users can quickly and easily find the information they need. Web Mining uses document content, hyperlink structure, and usage statistics to assist users in meeting their needed information. This book provides a record of current research and practical applications in Web searching. It includes techniques that will improve the utilization of the Web by the design of Web sites, as well as the design and application of search agents. This book presents research and related applications in a manner that encourages additional work toward improving the reduction of information overflow, which is so common today in Web search results.

Computer Architecture/Software Engineering

Expert system technology is receiving increasing popularity and acceptance in the engineering community. This is due to the fact that there actually exists a close match between the capabilities of the current generation expert systems and the requirements of engineering practice. Prepared by a distinguished team of experts, this book provides a balanced state-of-the-art presentation of the design principles of engineering expert systems, and a representative picture of their capabilities to assist efficiently the design, diagnosis and operation of complex industrial plants. Among the application areas covered are the following: hardware synthesis, industrial plant layout design, fault diagnosis, process control, image analysis, computer communication, electric power systems, intelligent control, robotics, and manufacturing systems. The book is appropriate for the researcher and the professional. The researcher can save considerable time in searching the scattered technical information on engineering expert systems. The professional can have readily available a rich set of guidelines and techniques that are applicable to a wide class of engineering domains.

The International Workshop on Compiler Construction provides a forum for thepresentation and discussion of recent developments in the area of compiler construction. Its scope ranges from compilation methods and tools to implementation techniques for specific requirements of languages and target architectures. This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at the 4th International Workshop on Compiler Construction, CC '92, held in Paderborn, Germany, October 5-7, 1992. The papers present recent developments on such topics as structural and semantic analysis, code generation and optimization, and compilation for parallel architectures and for functional, logical, and application languages.

ETAPS’99 is the second instance of the EuropeanJoint Conferences on T- ory and Practice of Software. ETAPS is an annual federated conference that was established in 1998 by combining a number of existing and new conferences. This year it comprises ?ve conferences (FOSSACS, FASE, ESOP, CC, TACAS), four satellite workshops (CMCS, AS, WAGA, CoFI), seven invited lectures, two invited tutorials, and six contributed tutorials. The events that comprise ETAPS address various aspects of the system - velopment process, including speci?cation, design, implementation, analysis and improvement. The languages, methodologies and tools which support these - tivities are all well within its scope. Di?erent blends of theory and practice are represented, with an inclination towards theory with a practical motivation on one hand and soundly-based practice on the other. Many of the issues involved in software design apply to systems in general, including hardware systems, and the emphasis on software is not intended to be exclusive.