Written by the world’s foremost authorities, this volume provides comprehensive coverage of current approaches to the prevention, diagnosis, and management of atherothrombosis and its coronary and noncoronary complications. This edition has been thoroughly updated, sharply focused on clinical information, and trimmed to one manageable volume. Coverage begins with a review of risk factors and prevention, emphasizing lipid abnormalities, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and obesity. Subsequent sections examine the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, markers and imaging, acute coronary syndromes, chronic stable angina, and noncoronary atherothrombosis. Clinical presentations, medical management, and the latest interventional strategies are included.

Atherothrombosis is a practical, clinically-relevant guide to the many manifestations of atherothrombosis, with an emphasis on evolving therapeutic approaches to the treatment and management of the condition.

Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.

This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Atherothrombosis has reached pandemic proportions worldwide. It is the underlying condition that results in events leading to myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and vascular death. As such, it is the leading cause of death worldwide manifested mainly as cardiovascular/cerebrovascular death. The complex and intimate relationship between atherothrombosis and traditional and novel risk factors is discussed in the following chapters of Traditional and Novel Risk Factors in Atherothrombosis - from basic science to clinical and therapeutic concerns. Beginning with pathology and pathophysiology of atherothrombosis, plaque rupture/disruption, this book continues with molecular, biochemical, inflammatory, cellular aspects and finally analyzes several aspects of clinical pharmacology.

An authoritative, comprehensive, and accessible cardiology textbook that caters to the needs of trainees and practicing cardiologists. Cardiovascular disease is now the largest contributor to global mortality. Low and middle income countries. (Lmics) presently bear the brunt of this global epidemic, accounting for over three quarters of cardiovascular deaths and 90% of these deaths under 70 years of age. The experience and expertise of health professionals in these countries will therefore be the principal determinant of global success in countering and curbing the global cardiovascular epidemic in the coming decades. This book covers the fundamentals of cardiology in depth, to provide conceptual clarity, and delves into specific cardiovascular disorders with detailed descriptions that range from aetiology and pathophysiology to evidence informed approaches to diagnosis and management. It does all of this by blending contextual relevance with uncompromising academic rigor.

Cardiometabolic disease is the leading cause of death in many parts of the world. There are many potentially modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with the same. Although with the recent advances in management and preventive strategies the mortality rates have reduced, but no patient actually achieves an adequate control of the CVD risk factors with the declining quality of life. In addition, growing obesity and DM in younger age groups has further undermined the improvements achieved in CVD. Diabetes and CVD share a "common soil" in their etiology and the causative factors for these diseases are termed as "cardiometabolic risk factors." Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) is the global risk of developing type 2 diabetes and CVD. CMR factors include overweight or obesity, high blood glucose, HTN, dyslipidemia, inflammation and hypercoagulation, physical inactivity, smoking, age, race and ethnicity, gender, and family history. Among these, age, race/ethnicity, gender, and family history are non-modifiable risk factors. The remaining are modifiable risk factors and closely interrelated. Recently, systematic prospective studies have shown evidences that moderate lifestyle modifications help in reducing the metabolic risk factors. The major principles include cessation of smoking, enhanced physical activity, and reduction of excess weight. Healthy diet also has a major role in controlling overweight and maintaining ideal weight. Each of the risk factors poses a danger to good health; the propensity increases with multiple risk factors. It is also shown that the CMR factors tend to cluster as the metabolic syndrome. This book is designed to address such questions with supportive typical clinical scenarios, with which all readers will be able to identify. Thus it provides an excellent opportunity to widen one’s perspective in this area.

It has been known for over 150 years that hallmarks of inflammation can be observed in the wall of atherosclerotic vessels. It was, however, not clear if this inflammation is the cause or the consequence of atherogenesis. More recently, it has become evident that inflammation mediated both by innate and adaptive immunity is instrumental even in the earliest stages of the development of atherosclerotic lesions, i.e., that it plays an important pathogenetic role. In this volume, international experts in the field discuss the pathogenetic, diagnostic, preventive and possible therapeutic relevance of inflammation in atherogenesis. This book is intended for researchers and physicians in the fields of vascular biology, immunology and atherosclerosis.