More than one in three Native American or Alaska Native women will be raped at some point in their lives. Most do not seek justice because they known they will be met with inaction or indifference. As one support worker said, "Women don't report because it doesn't make a difference. Why report when you are just going to be revictimized?" Sexual violence against women is not only a criminal or social issue, it is a human rights abuse. This report unravels some of the reasons why Indigenous women in the USA are at such risk of sexual violence and why survivors are so frequently denied justice. Chronic under-resourcing of law enforcement and health services, confusion over jurisdiction, erosion of tribal authority, discrimination in law and practice, and indifference -- all these factors play a part. None of this is inevitable or irreversible. The voices of Indigenous women throughout this report send a message of courage and hope that change can and will happen.

This ground-breaking book challenges readers to rethink the dividebetween liberal and orthodox approaches which characterisesChristianity today. Provides an alternative to the liberal / orthodox divide incontemporary Christianity. Defends Christianity’s engagement with non-Christiantraditions. Includes important discussion of theological method. Illustrated with case studies involving human rights,interfaith tolerance, economics, and ethics.

'State sovereignty' is often referred to as an obstacle to criminal justice for core international crimes by members of the international criminal justice movement. The exercise of State sovereignty is seen as a shield against effective implementation of such crimes. But it is sovereign States that create and become parties to international criminal law treaties and jurisdictions. They are the principal enforcers of criminal responsibility for international crimes, as reaffirmed by the complementarity principle on which the International Criminal Court (ICC) is based. Criminal justice for atrocities depends entirely on the ability of States to act. This volume revisits the relationship between State sovereignty and international criminal law along three main lines of inquiry. First, it considers the immunity of State officials from the exercise of foreign or international criminal jurisdiction. Secondly, with the closing down of the ad hoc international criminal tribunals, attention shifts to the exercise of national jurisdiction over core international crimes, making the scope of universal jurisdiction more relevant to perceptions of State sovereignty. Thirdly, could the amendments to the ICC Statute on the crime of aggression exacerbate tensions between the interests of State sovereignty and accountability? The book contains contributions by prominent international lawyers including Professor Christian Tomuschat, Judge Erkki Kourula, Judge LIU Daqun, Ambassador WANG Houli, Dr. ZHOU Lulu, Professor Claus Kre, Professor MA Chengyuan, Professor JIA Bingbing, Professor ZHU Lijiang and Mr. GUO Yang.

Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this practical analysis of the structure, competence, and management of The African Union (AU) provides substantial and readily accessible information for lawyers, academics, and policymakers likely to have dealings with its activities and data. No other book gives such a clear, uncomplicated description of the organization’s role, its rules and how they are applied, its place in the framework of international law, or its relations with other organizations. The monograph proceeds logically from the organization’s genesis and historical development to the structure of its membership, its various organs and their mandates, its role in intergovernmental cooperation, and its interaction with decisions taken at the national level. Its competence, its financial management, and the nature and applicability of its data and publications are fully described. Systematic in presentation, this valuable time-saving resource offers the quickest, easiest way to acquire a sound understanding of the workings of The African Union (AU) for all interested parties. Students and teachers of international law will find it especially valuable as an essential component of the rapidly growing and changing global legal milieu.

The history of international criminal justice told through the revealing stories of some of its primary intellectual figures.

This text explores the principal issues and developments, both in international human rights and in rights in the United States, and then compares the concepts and conditions of rights in various parts of the world. It pays particular attention to the role of US foreign policy.

Despite being banned by law, slavery and slavery-like practices remain widespread in Mauritania, with thousands of men, women and children – most of whom belong to the marginalized Haratine ethnic group – still trapped in servitude. To a large extent, impunity for these crimes has been enabled by the failure of authorities to take action against the perpetrators, leaving victims unprotected and with little or no access to justice. To address this Minority Rights Group International (MRG), in partnership with Mauritanian NGO SOS Esclaves and Anti-Slavery International, has for years been working to secure recognition of these rights violations and ensure authorities take concrete measures to implement anti-slavery legislation, including adequate investigation and prosecution of those responsible. While there have been some positive steps in recent years, including the passing in 2007 of the country’s first anti-slavery legislation, implementation and enforcement of its provisions have been almost non-existent. In November 2011, in the first prosecution under the 2007 Anti-Slavery Law, Ahmed Ould El Hassine was found guilty of holding two brothers, Said and Yarg Ould Salem, in slavery and depriving them of schooling. Despite this apparent milestone, however, the sentences imposed were well below the minimum terms stipulated by the law and the slave master was subsequently released on bail just four months after his conviction. In response, MRG and SOS Esclaves brought a case before the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. In December 2017, the Committee ruled that Mauritania had failed to take adequate measures to prevent, prosecute and remedy slavery and found multiple violations of its obligations to protect children’s rights under the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. The background and implications of this groundbreaking ruling are discussed in detail in this briefing. In light of a subsequent decision by the Mauritanian Supreme Court in April 2018 in relation to the case of Said and Yarg, which apparently failed to consider the Committee’s ruling, it is more important than ever to raise awareness about the proper application of anti-slavery laws in Mauritania for the benefit of other slavery victims.