Describes and interrelates the following processes: cooperative alpha processes in a cold liquid, structural relaxation in the glass near Tg, the Johari-Goldstein beta process, the Williams-Götze process in a warm liquid, fast nonactivated cage rattling and boson peak, and ultraslow Fischer modes.

Encapsulation Technologies for Electronic Applications, Second Edition, offers an updated, comprehensive discussion of encapsulants in electronic applications, with a primary emphasis on the encapsulation of microelectronic devices and connectors and transformers. It includes sections on 2-D and 3-D packaging and encapsulation, encapsulation materials, including environmentally friendly 'green' encapsulants, and the properties and characterization of encapsulants. Furthermore, this book provides an extensive discussion on the defects and failures related to encapsulation, how to analyze such defects and failures, and how to apply quality assurance and qualification processes for encapsulated packages. In addition, users will find information on the trends and challenges of encapsulation and microelectronic packages, including the application of nanotechnology. Increasing functionality of semiconductor devices and higher end used expectations in the last 5 to 10 years has driven development in packaging and interconnected technologies. The demands for higher miniaturization, higher integration of functions, higher clock rates and data, and higher reliability influence almost all materials used for advanced electronics packaging, hence this book provides a timely release on the topic. - Provides guidance on the selection and use of encapsulants in the electronics industry, with a particular focus on microelectronics - Includes coverage of environmentally friendly 'green encapsulants' - Presents coverage of faults and defects, and how to analyze and avoid them

Consumer demand for a year-round supply of seasonal produce and ready-made meals remains the driving force behind innovation in frozen food technology. Now in its second edition, Handbook of Frozen Food Processing and Packaging explores the art and science of frozen foods and assembles essential data and references relied upon by scientists in univ

A classical metastable state possesses a local free energy minimum at infinite sizes, but not a global one. This concept is phase size independent. We have studied a number of experimental results and proposed a new concept that there exists a wide range of metastable states in polymers on different length scales where their metastability is critically determined by the phase size and dimensionality. Metastable states are also observed in phase transformations that are kinetically impeded on the pathway to thermodynamic equilibrium. This was illustrated in structural and morphological investigations of crystallization and mesophase transitions, liquid-liquid phase separation, vitrification and gel formation, as well as combinations of these transformation processes. The phase behaviours in polymers are thus dominated by interlinks of metastable states on different length scales. This concept successfully explains many experimental observations and provides a new way to connect different aspects of polymer physics.* Written by a leading scholar and industry expert* Presents new and cutting edge material encouraging innovation and future research* Connects hot topics and leading research in one concise volume

This workshop on the subject of positron and positronium chemistry is the third international conference after those in Blacksburg, Virginia (1979), and in Arlington, Texas (1986). The fields of interests are interdisciplinary, such as radiation chemistry, superconductivity polymer chemistry, biochemistry, quantum chemistry and nuclear chemistry.

As a new and exciting field of interdisciplinary macromolecular science and engineering, polymeric materials will have a profound presence in 21st century chemical, pharmaceutical, biomedical, manufacturing, infrastructure, electronic, optical and information technologies. The origin of this field derived from an area of polymer science and engineering encompassing plastic technologies. The field is rapidly expanding to incorporate new interdisciplinary research areas such as biomaterials, macromolecular biology, novel macromolecular structures, environmental macromolecular science and engineering, innovative and nano-fabrications of products, and is translating discoveries into technologies.·Unique in combining scientific concepts with technological aspects·Provides a comprehensive and broad coverage of thermodynamic and thermal behaviours of various polymeric materials as well as methodologies of thermal analysis and calorimetry·Contributions are from both pioneering scientists and the new generation of researchers

Fluoropolymers are unique materials. Since the middle of the twentieth century fluropolymers have been used in applications where a wide temperature range, a high resistance to aggressive media, excellent tribological characteristics, and specific low adhesion are required. Today, researchers turn to fluoropolymers to solve new challenges and to develop materials with previously unattainable properties. Fascinating Fluoropolymers and Their Applications covers recent developments of fluoropolymer applications in energy, optical fibers, blood substitutes, textile coatings, membranes and other areas, written by experts in these fields. This volume in the Progress in Fluorine Science series is ideal for researchers and engineers who want to learn about the technology and applications of these special polymers, as well as industrial manufacturers who are interested in achieving new product characteristics in their respective industries. - Written by a global team of fluoropolymer experts - Includes use of fluoropolymer membranes for various applications in fuel cells, for gases separation, and more - Covers fluoropolymer materials with shape memory, in cardiopulmonary bypass systems, in the production of textile materials, and in other areas

MTDSC provides a step-change increase in the power of calorimetry to characterize virtually all polymer systems including curing systems, blends and semicrystalline polymers. It enables hidden transitions to be revealed, miscibility to be accurately assessed, and phases and interfaces in complex blends to be quantified. It also enables crystallinity in complex systems to be measured and provides new insights into melting behaviour. All of this is achieved by a simple modification of conventional DSC. In 1992 a new calorimetric technique was introduced that superimposed a small modulation on top of the conventional linear temperature program typically used in differential scanning calorimetry. This was combined with a method of data analysis that enabled the sample’s response to the linear component of the temperature program to be separated from its response to the periodic component. In this way, for the first time, a signal equivalent to that of conventional DSC was obtained simultaneously with a measure of the sample’s heat capacity from the modulation. The new information this provided sparked a revolution in scanning calorimetry by enabling new insights to be gained into almost all aspects of polymer characteristics. This book provides both a basic and advanced treatment of the theory of the technique followed by a detailed exposition of its application to reacting systems, blends and semicrystalline polymers by the leaders in all of these fields. It is an essential text for anybody interested in calorimetry or polymer characterization, especially if they have found that conventional DSC cannot help them with their problems.

This issue of Soldering & Surface Mount Technology (SSMT) presents a number of papers from the 7th High Density Microsystems Design, Packaging and Failure Analysis (HDP'05) conference held in 2005 in the dynamic city of Shanghai, China. With over 100 high quality technical papers and presentation this annual conference brings together scholars and industrialists from Asia, Europe and the Americas to discuss the challenges and latest advances in high density packaging. This e-book contains six papers from the HDP conference, plus one additional contribution, which discuss the behaviour of key i.