A new method is proposed to divide upcoming spectrum band allocations into two different spectrum licence / management right types. The first, a spectrum license, would allow successful auction bidders to roll out mobile radio networks on a long-term nationwide scale as normal. The second is a new concept called a licensed spectrum park (LSP) and would allow smaller operators to roll out specialized mobile radio networks on a short-term local site by site basis. LSPs would be assigned by applying for a license based on a site specific, fixed base station location for a short timeframe that could be renewed periodically. It has been noted that the key purpose of spectrum management is to maximize the value that society gains from the radio spectrum by allowing as many efficient users as possible while ensuring that the interference between different users remains manageable. The creation of LSPs means there is a net social benefit or a fair allocation of spectrum for two reasons. The first is that the use of LSPs allows specialist networks to be formed, effectively opening up the spectrum to more users and to potentially create more competition in the mobile radio market. The second is the fact that an LSP is licensed which creates a method to control interference between different users and allows interference to be managed. A regulator faces the issue of whether to allocate a fixed amount of spectrum for LSP use before auctioning the remaining spectrum, or alternatively auctioning the total spectrum and allocating any unsold spectrum to LSPs, if any is available. An operator's strategy when bidding in the spectrum auction in response to these two alternative strategies are analysed using non-cooperative game models. The equilibria from both strategies are compared and it is shown that in the case where spectrum for LSP use is assigned post auction, if any is available, then all bidders face a collective action problem in that they may find it attractive to exhaust the pool of offered spectrum in the action leaving none for LSPs. To demonstrate how this theory could work in practice, we discuss how LSP creation could have worked in recent 700 MHz spectrum auctions. In particular we look at the 700 MHz auction in New Zealand as an illustrative example, by describing the auction process and the hypothetical effect if spectrum was assigned for LSP use. In addition we propose how the LSP spectrum could be priced. The price considers the population covered by the proposed base station, the amount of spectrum requested and length of the management right, against the normalised cost of the spectrum, for a given population and bandwidth, under the spectrum license auctions. Our analysis offers an important contribution for both spectrum regulators and private spectrum managers, and provides the framework for spectrum allocation to new market entrants enabling more competition in the mobile radio market.

This volume presents the proceedings of the 6th International ICST Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness and of the Third International ICST Workshop on Advanced Architectures and Algorithms for Internet DElivery and Applications. Both events were held in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria in November 2009. To each of these events is devoted a specific part of the volume. The first part is dedicated to the proceedings of ICST QShine 2009. The first four chapters deal with new issues concerning the quality of service in IP-based telephony and multimedia. A second set of four chapters addresses some important research problems in mul- hop wireless networks, with a special emphasis on the problems of routing. The following three papers deal with recent advances in the field of data mana- ment and area coverage in sensor networks, while a fourth set of chapters deals with mobility and context-aware services. The fifth set of chapters contains new works in the area of Internet delivery and switching systems. The following chapters of the QShine part of the volume are devoted to papers in the areas of resource management in wireless networks, overlay, P2P and SOA arc- tectures. Some works also deal with the optimization of quality of service and energy consumption in WLAN and sensor networks and on the design of a mobility support in mesh networks.

Frequency Assignment and Network Planning for Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Systems focuses on Digital Audio Broadcasting and Digital Video Broadcasting. The author provides a concise introduction to the subject and presents principles, concepts and commonly accepted methods used in the planning process. The frequency assignment material focuses on allotment planning while network planning is dealt with mainly from a network optimization perspective. All methods introduced and mathematical tools presented are fully explained. General concepts are illustrated with the help of several planning scenarios both for frequency assignment and network planning. Frequency assignment and network planning are vital issues throughout most of Europe and North America as a direct consequence of the increasing demand for digital communication systems.

Second edition of the guide to the modern techniques that demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy Completely revised and updated, the second edition of Modern Raman Spectroscopy presents the information needed for clear understanding and application of the technique of Raman Spectroscopy in a range of areas such as pharmaceuticals, forensics, and biology. The authors—noted experts on the topic—reveal how to make full use of the critical information presented and include a wealth of examples of the pitfalls that can be encountered. The text opens with a description of the basic theory to assist readers in making a practical interpretation of Raman Spectra. Chapters include the main equations that are used in order to highlight the theory’s meaning and relevance while avoiding a full mathematical treatment. Modern Raman Spectroscopy provides a firm grounding, combined with a variety of references, from which to approach a more comprehensive study of specific aspects of Raman Spectroscopy. This new edition: Includes instrumentation sections that now contain Spatially Offset Raman scattering and transmission Raman scattering Offers an updated SERS chapter that presents recent examples and Tip enhanced Raman scattering Contains updated information with an emphasis on pharmaceutical, forensic, and biological applications Introduces modern techniques in the imaging and mapping of biological samples and more advanced methods which are becoming easier to use Written for users of Raman Spectroscopy in industry, including non-analysts, researchers, and academics, the second edition of Modern Raman Spectroscopy clearly demonstrates the potential of using Raman Spectroscopy for a wide range of applications.