Forest condition is now assessed annually in most European countries. This field book provides details of assessment procedures used by the Forestry Commission in their main monitoring programme. Although this programme is restricted to Sitka spruce, Norway spruce, Scots pine, oak and beech, the techniques that are described are applicable with little or no modification to most other tree species. While emphasis has been placed on the assessment of crown density, a variety of other indexes are also used. These are described and an assessment system is provided for each parameter. The additional indices enable a full description to be made of the condition of a tree.

The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, conducts a national inventory of forests across the United States. A systematic subset of permanent inventory plots in 38 States is currently sampled every year for numerous forest health indicators. One of these indicators, crown-condition classification, is designed to estimate tree crown dimensions and assess the impact of crown stressors. The indicator features eight tree-level field measurements in addition to variables traditionally measured in conjunction with FIA inventories: vigor class, uncompacted live crown ratio, crown light exposure, crown position, crown density, crown dieback, foliage transparency, and crown diameter. Indicators of crown health derived from the crown data are intended for analyses at the State, regional, and national levels, and contribute to the core tabular output in standard FIA reports. Crown-condition measurements were originally implemented as part of the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) Program in 1990. Except for crown diameter, these measurements were continued when the FIA Program assumed responsibility for FHM plot-based detection monitoring in 2000. This report describes in detail the data collection and analytical techniques recommended for crown-condition classification.

"The practice and process of assessing trees for risk is detailed in ISA's Tree Risk Assessment Manual. This new manual is a valuable tool for both the expert and novice risk assessor, and will quickly become one of the most referenced resources on your bookshelf. As the companion publication for the Tree Risk Assessment Qualification course, the manual highlights the critical steps in the risk assessment process - from site analysis to risk evaluation and communicating risk to clients (and everything in between). This publication can be used as a resource to study for the qualification course, as a step-by-step guide to conducting a tree risk assessment, and as a desktop reference for writing reports. A Basic Tree Risk Assessment Form is included, along with a list of common wood decay fungi, and a useful glossary of risk assessment terms."--Publisher description

Resource added for the Landscape Horticulture Technician program 100014.

New guidance is being published on trees and public safety in the UK. This comprehensive, practical guidance has been developed by the National Tree Safety Group to support the work of all those involved in tree management, whether in streets, parks, public open spaces, hotels, farms, private estates, woodland, commercial forests or private gardens.

Provides guidance and specifications for the supplying and purchasing of trees that will establish rapidly and grow strongly to maturity every time. An essential reference for the whole landscape industry.

The aim of this publication is to provide information for assessing and managing risks to people and property, and also to protect trees from unnecessary felling and disfigurement. Key features: Provides information for assessing and managing risks to people and property rovides information on protecting trees from unnecessary felling and disfigurement

This book contains new ideas on farming processes, describes new analytical methods that are applicable to a broad range of agricultural systems, and presents new technologies and solutions, which help agricultural systems to function in the modern conditions of digitalization and a changing climate. The results of scientific research presented within the framework of the conference “Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East (AFE-2021)”, which took place in Ussuriysk, Russia are covering the following topics: precision livestock farming, farm management platforms, yield monitoring and estimation, IoTs in farming, water management, smart agriculture machines. These new ideas outlined in the book are future-oriented and are expected to stimulate community debate on determining future directions for advancing agricultural research worldwide. The book is focused on the study of interactions between the components of agricultural systems, between their hierarchical levels, between different types of land use systems, and between agricultural systems and the economic environment. The methods and tools for agricultural systems design, estimation and monitoring are proposed in this book. Studies presented here allow improving the environmental and economic performance of agricultural systems. This book is of particular importance for professionals, scholars, and researchers in the field of agriculture and livestock farming, as well as for the heads and top managers of agricultural enterprises, since materials described in the book will help them in making right decisions.

The Second Edition of this classic text is completely up-to-date with new chapters, new information on diseases, updated citations, and revised taxonomy and terminology of the fungi, bacteria, and other organisms that affect trees. Field and Laboratory Guide to Tree Pathology presents field and laboratory techniques as well as basic information for students, foresters, plant scientists, and arboriculturalists on tree disease pathology. The revised edition includes expanded historical documentation, updated taxonomy and terminology for both pests and diseases, an entirely new introduction, new chapters on tree biology, general control strategies, and diagnostic techniques. A new section of color plates will help readers in the identification of tree pathogens. All the references have been comprehensively updated, and the exercises included for students have been revised, making this guide a useful tool for students, teachers, and practitioners interested in tree disease. - Contains new chapters on tree biology, general control strategies, and diagnostic techniques - Includes additional information on the histories of disease - Provides thoroughly updated citations - Contains comprehensively revised taxonomy and terminology