Assessing The Potential Use Of Microtraces Of Gastropod Predation As A Diagnostic For Predator Prey Interactions In The Fossil Record
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Author |
: Whitney Lapic |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: |
Release |
: 2018 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:1100420898 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (98 Downloads) |
Synopsis Assessing the Potential Use of Microtraces of Gastropod Predation as a Diagnostic for Predator-prey Interactions in the Fossil Record by : Whitney Lapic
Predatory gastropods have left signs of boring predation in the fossil record as early as the Cambrian (McMenamin and Schulte McMenamin, 1990; putative Proterozoic examples [e.g., Bengtson and Zhao, 1992] remain controversial). Through studying drill holes in prey, we can better understand predator-prey interactions in marine communities. It has been proposed that further study of the interior of drill holes yields microtraces left by the radular teeth during the drilling process (Schiffbauer et al., 2008; Tyler and Schiffbauer, 2012). The pattern and orientation of the traces can be used to associate predator with prey and act as a diagnostic feature to identify the predator. Trace fossils can provide great insight into past environments, but only when they are well preserved. Through assessing one hundred and eighty drill holes using scanning electron microscopy, I provide here evidence suggesting the limited presence of predatory microtraces. Interpreting shell deterioration and extrapolating the observed degradation of modern specimens to hypothetical paleoenvironments suggests that preservation of such minute traces would be poor and would thus negate the purpose of creating such a diagnostic. Additionally, the current understanding of the drilling process suggests that the preservation of microtraces within the drill hole margins is an infrequent occurrence. This may be due to the fact that before utilizing their radular teeth, predatory gastropods deploy secretions from the accessory boring organ (ABO) to break down the shell surface, lessening the preservation potential of predatory microtraces (Carriker, 1969). This study has discovered porcellaneous rims surrounding the drill holes in the Miocene Saxolucina. Further study into these rims may provide additional insight into the drilling strategy of naticid gastropods.
Author |
: Patricia H. Kelley |
Publisher |
: Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages |
: 488 |
Release |
: 2012-12-06 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781461501619 |
ISBN-13 |
: 146150161X |
Rating |
: 4/5 (19 Downloads) |
Synopsis Predator-Prey Interactions in the Fossil Record by : Patricia H. Kelley
From the Foreword: "Predator-prey interactions are among the most significant of all organism-organism interactions....It will only be by compiling and evaluating data on predator-prey relations as they are recorded in the fossil record that we can hope to tease apart their role in the tangled web of evolutionary interaction over time. This volume, compiled by a group of expert specialists on the evidence of predator-prey interactions in the fossil record, is a pioneering effort to collate the information now accumulating in this important field. It will be a standard reference on which future study of one of the central dynamics of ecology as seen in the fossil record will be built." (Richard K. Bambach, Professor Emeritus, Virginia Tech, Associate of the Botanical Museum, Harvard University)
Author |
: Jansen A. Smith |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 310 |
Release |
: 2012 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:819325312 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (12 Downloads) |
Synopsis Confamilial Predation of Naticid Gastropods Through a Pulsed Extinction in the Plio-Pleistocene of the Carolinas by : Jansen A. Smith
During the Plio-Pleistocene, a two-pulsed extinction occurred among western Atlantic mollusks. Although taxonomic turnover related to the extinctions has been explored, accompanying ecological effects have remained largely unstudied. This study examined the effects of the turnover episodes on confamilial predation in shell-drilling naticid gastropods, an easily quantified predator-prey interaction that is well preserved in the fossil record. Drilling frequency and relative abundance of confamilial and alternative prey were compared across the extinctions in order to investigate changes in ecological interactions within the community, with am emphasis on documenting evidence of naticid confamilial predation. Recent experiments have shown that high-risk ecological conditions generally coincide with low frequencies of cannibalism. Accordingly, drilling frequency on naticids is expected to increase after the pulsed extinction event, corresponding to a less risky environment. Naticids from nineteen localities in the Pliocene Duplin Formation and the Pleistocene Waccamaw Formation of the Carolinas were used to test this hypothesis. Specimens were examined for drill holes, and drilling frequency was determined for each formation. Drilling frequency was 0.05 (n=485) in the Duplin Formation, 0.14 (n=1851) in the lower Waccamaw Formation and 0.24 (n=462) in the upper Waccamaw Formation. All values are significantly different (p
Author |
: Emily Sue Stafford |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 176 |
Release |
: 2014 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:918929609 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (09 Downloads) |
Synopsis Measuring and Interpreting Predation on Gastropod Shells by : Emily Sue Stafford
This dissertation focuses on problems and progress in studying crushing predation on gastropods in the Modern and the fossil record. Although crushing predation tends to be destructive, it is possible to gather data on crushing predation from multiple angles. Chapter 2 applies an ichnotaxonomic name, Caedichnus, to the trace created by peeling crab predators. Chapter 3 the relationship between shell repair frequency and predation mortality in a modern gastropod community. In this case, repair frequency was likely a direct product of variation in predator abundance and strength. Chapter 4 focused on hermit crabs, an organism that inhabits gastropod shells and exposes those shells to predation even after the original gastropod inhabitant has died. The predatory crabs showed no preference for snail or hermit crab prey, which may mean that hermit crab habitation does not significantly alter the crab-on-snail predation patterns present in a shell assemblage. Chapter 5 expanded on previous work by the author, using a method by G.J. Vermeij to estimate crushing predation in a gastropod assemblage even when individual instances of predatory damage cannot be identified. Vermeij Crushing Analysis (VCA) uses drilled shells to establish a baseline of taphonomic damage in a shell assemblage; the chapter refines and examines this method more deeply, in addition to applying the method to compare predation on modern and fossil gastropod shell assemblages. Chapter 6 is the culmination of the previous chapters, combining predatory traces, VCA, and repair frequency, as well as predatory shell drilling, to examine predation at multiple trophic levels in a Miocene-age fossil shell assemblage from Maryland.
Author |
: Jon Moxie Olivier |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 134 |
Release |
: 1985 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:13521004 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (04 Downloads) |
Synopsis Predator-prey Interaction and Evolution Among Naticid Gastropods of the Neogene Chesapeake Group of Maryland by : Jon Moxie Olivier
Author |
: |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: |
Release |
: 2002 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:656422600 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (00 Downloads) |
Synopsis Predators and Dangerous Prey in the Fossil Record: Evolution of the Busyconine Whelk-Mercenaria Predator-Prey System by :
Escalation is enemy-driven evolution. This top-down view of a predator-prey evolutionary arms race downplays the role of prey in driving the predator's evolution. In the related process of coevolution, species change reciprocally in response to one another; prey are thought to drive the evolution of their predator, and vice versa. In the fossil record, the two processes are distinguished most reliably when the predator-prey system is viewed within the context of other species that may influence the interaction. I examined the interaction between busyconine whelks and their bivalve prey Mercenaria to evaluate whether reciprocal adaptation (coevolution) was likely to occur in this predator-prey system. Species of busyconines either employ a wedging or a chipping mode of predation when feeding on bivalve prey that often results in breakage to the predator's own shell. Prey in this interaction have been hypothesized to be 'dangerous' because they are able to inflict damage to the predator as a consequence of the interaction; such damage may lead to decreased growth, reproduction and increased probability of mortality for individual whelks. Asymmetry in selection pressure (which is thought to preclude reciprocity of adaptation) is reduced when predators interact with damage-inducing prey. The likelihood of a reciprocal selection response of the predator in the interaction involving the shell-chipping whelk Sinistrofulgur sinistrum and the bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria was viewed by regressing the frequency of shell breakage in encounters with prey (an index of predator fitness) on prey phenotype (a function of size). Experimental results indicate interaction with Mercenaria has strong highly significant and predictable selective consequences for Sinistrofulgur, suggesting that evolutionary response of the predator to prey adaptation is likely in this system. The late Oligocene to Recent fossil record of whelk predation traces on shells of Mercenaria species was analyzed.
Author |
: James Brookes Knight |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 56 |
Release |
: 1952 |
ISBN-10 |
: LCCN:52063074 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (74 Downloads) |
Synopsis Primitive Fossil Gastropods and Their Bearing on Gastropod Classification by : James Brookes Knight
Author |
: Jennifer A. Sawyer |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 220 |
Release |
: 2007 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:162106270 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (70 Downloads) |
Synopsis Effects of Predation on the Morphology of Bellerophondid Gastropods by : Jennifer A. Sawyer
Author |
: Melissa Grey |
Publisher |
: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada |
Total Pages |
: 56 |
Release |
: 2002 |
ISBN-10 |
: 0612659364 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9780612659360 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (64 Downloads) |
Synopsis Predator-prey Relationships of Naticid Gastropods and Their Bivalve Prey [microform] by : Melissa Grey
Author |
: Christy C. Visaggi |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 193 |
Release |
: 2012 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:847625629 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (29 Downloads) |
Synopsis Latitudinal Variation in Naticid Gastropod Predation on Western Atlantic Mollusks by : Christy C. Visaggi