Although Part Two covers some of the more advanced topics of the field of Army Weapon Systems Analysis, it starts with the definition of and concepts relating to measures of effectiveness (MOE), and describes in some detail many MOE's. The aim is to point out that MOE's are not universal but may depend on particular evaluations, and the Army analyst is introduced to the relation between the problem of modeling processes and MOE's. After an introduction to target detection phenomena and to the development of target detection probabilities, the important topics of Lanchester type combat theory for homogeneous and heterogeneous forces are given in much depth since these topics lead up to weapon equivalence concepts and studies. For the present-day analyst, the fields of optimal firing policies, weapon-target allocation problems, human factors, and cost analysis estimation must be rather thoroughly covered -- at least to the extent herein. Moreover, it was felt important to include also an introduction to cost-effectiveness, evaluations the concepts of survivability, and an introduction to countermeasures and their analytical treatment. This handbook describes some of the prime topics in the history of war games and combat simulations, including developments and uses, and brief descriptions of some of the key war games or computer simulations of combat. The last chapters of Part Two cover evaluation techniques for infantry weapons, tank weapon systems, artillery families, air defense (Modern Gun Effectiveness Model), and the principles and an illustration of cost and operational effectiveness analyses.

The objective of this Handbook is focused on the status and application of weapon systems analysis methodology and philosophy to evaluate, compare, select, or cost a weapon system. Weapon systems analysis is devoted to the comparison of various means of satisfying the military requirements and is totally apart from, but also dependent on, the detailed engineering effort that is required to design and produce new or improved weapons. Useful weapon systems analysis information of current applications and methodology is presented in this Handbook. Accordingly, the Handbook should: Provide orientation and guidance for new weapon systems analysts; Communicate to the analysis, in capsule form, the allied technical fields with which they must be concerned; Conserve time, materials, and funds by outlining approaches to problems which have proven to be helpful over the years; and Provide a summary of current weapon systems analysis methodology. Weapon systems analysis is concerned with and applied at the major milestones and decision points throughout the life cycle of weapon systems and is particularly applicable in early phases of research and development. In the initial phase, for example, studies may be conducted to investigate the possible uses, strategy, and tactics of a weapon system based on entirely new technology; the potential advantages which a proposed new Army weapon system would possess when compared with existing systems; or the range of parameters which would be most useful for a potentially new system.

This book contains the proceedings of an interna tional symposium devoted to Modeling and Analysis of Defense Processes in the context of land/air warfare. It was sponsored by Panel VII (on Defense Applications of Operational Research) of NATO's Defense Research Group (DRG) and took place 27-29 July 1982 at NATO headquarters in Brussels. Except perhaps for the Theater-Level Gaming and Analysis Workshop, sponsored by the Office of united 1 states Naval Research in 1977 , this symposium was the first international scientific meeting on Operations Research/Systems Analysis in the area of land/air war fare since the conference on Modeling Land Battle Systems 2 for Military Planning sponsored by NATO's Special Pro gramme Panel on Systems Science in 1974. That conference dealt primarily with modeling small unit (company, bat talion) engagements and, to a lesser extent, large unit (corps, theater) campaigns with principal emphasis on attrition processes and movement in combat. It was considered as rather successful in that it revealed the state-of-the art around 1972 and identified problem areas and promising approaches for future developments. lWith regard to foreign attendance, this wo- shop was largely limited to participants from the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany (see L.J. Low: Theater-Level Gaming and Analysis Workshop for Force Planning, Vol II-Summary, Discus sion of Issues and Requirements for Research, SRI Report, May, 1981).