Armed Conflict In Syria
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Author |
: Congressional Research Service |
Publisher |
: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
Total Pages |
: 46 |
Release |
: 2017-07-20 |
ISBN-10 |
: 1973754622 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9781973754626 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (22 Downloads) |
Synopsis Armed Conflict in Syria by : Congressional Research Service
The Syrian civil war, now in its seventh year, continues to present new challenges for U.S. policymakers. Following a deadly chemical weapons attack in Syria on April 4, 2017, and subsequent U.S. strikes against Syrian military infrastructure and pro-regime forces, Members of Congress have called on the President to consult with Congress about Syria strategy. Other Members have questioned the President's authority to launch strikes against Syria in the absence of specific prior authorization from Congress. In the past, some in Congress have expressed concern about the international and domestic authorizations for such strikes, their potential unintended consequences, and the possibility of undesirable or unavoidable escalation. Since taking office in January 2017, President Trump has stated his intention to "destroy" the Syria- and Iraq-based insurgent terrorist group known as the Islamic State (IS, also known as ISIL, ISIS, or the Arabic acronym Da'esh), and the President has ordered actions to "accelerate" U.S. military efforts against the group in both countries. In late March, senior U.S. officials signaled that the United States would prioritize the fight against the Islamic State and said that Syrian President Bashar al Asad's future would be determined by the Syrian people. Nevertheless, following the April 4 attack, President Trump and senior members of his Administration have spoken more critically of Asad's leadership, and it remains to be seen whether the United States will more directly seek to compel Asad's departure from power while pursuing the ongoing campaign against the Islamic State. Since late 2015, Asad and his government have leveraged military, financial, and diplomatic support from Russia and Iran to improve and consolidate their position relative to the range of antigovernment insurgents arrayed against them. These insurgents include members of the Islamic State, Islamist and secular fighters, and Al Qaeda-linked networks. While Islamic State forces have lost territory to the Syrian government, to Turkey-backed Syrian opposition groups, and to U.S.-backed Syrian Kurdish and Arab fighters since early 2016, they remain capable and dangerous. The IS "capital" at Raqqah has been isolated, but large areas of central and eastern Syria remain under the group's control. The presence and activities of Russian military forces and Iranian personnel in Syria create complications for U.S. officials and military planners, and raise the prospect of inadvertent confrontation with possible regional or global implications. Since March 2011, the conflict has driven more than 5 million Syrians into neighboring countries as refugees (out of a total prewar population of more than 22 million). More than 6.3 million other Syrians are internally displaced and are among more than 13.5 million Syrians in need of humanitarian assistance. The United States is the largest donor of humanitarian assistance to the Syria crisis (which includes assistance to neighboring countries hosting refugees), and since FY2012 has allocated more than $6.5 billion to meet humanitarian needs. In addition, the United States has allocated more than $500 million to date for bilateral assistance programs in Syria, including the provision of nonlethal equipment to select opposition groups. President Trump has requested $191.5 million in FY2018 funding for such assistance and $500 million in FY2018 defense funds to train and equip anti-IS forces in Syria. U.S. officials and Members of Congress continue to debate how best to pursue U.S. regional security and counterterrorism goals in Syria without inadvertently strengthening U.S. adversaries or alienating U.S. partners. The Trump Administration and Members of the 115th Congress-like their predecessors-face challenges inherent to the simultaneous pursuit of U.S. nonproliferation, counterterrorism, civilian protection, and stabilization goals in a complex, evolving conflict.
Author |
: Hilly Moodrick-Even Khen |
Publisher |
: Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages |
: 337 |
Release |
: 2020-01-09 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781108487801 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1108487807 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (01 Downloads) |
Synopsis The Syrian War by : Hilly Moodrick-Even Khen
A unique collaboration providing an analysis of the conflict in Syria, focusing on the integration between legal and political studies.
Author |
: Justin Schon |
Publisher |
: Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages |
: 247 |
Release |
: 2020-10-08 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781108842518 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1108842518 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (18 Downloads) |
Synopsis Surviving the War in Syria by : Justin Schon
Demonstrates how civilian behaviour in conflict zones involves repertoires of survival strategies, not just migration.
Author |
: Christopher Blanchard |
Publisher |
: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
Total Pages |
: 48 |
Release |
: 2017-10-23 |
ISBN-10 |
: 1979077371 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9781979077378 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (71 Downloads) |
Synopsis Armed Conflict in Syria by : Christopher Blanchard
The Syrian civil war, now in its seventh year, continues to present new challenges for U.S. policymakers. Following a deadly chemical weapons attack in Syria on April 4, 2017, and subsequent U.S. defensive strikes against Syrian military infrastructure and pro-regime forces, several Members of Congress have called on the President to consult with Congress about Syria strategy. Some Members have questioned the President's authority to launch strikes against Syria in the absence of specific prior authorization from Congress. In the past, some in Congress have expressed concern about the international and domestic authorizations for such strikes, their potential unintended consequences, and the possibility of undesirable or unavoidable escalation. Since taking office in January 2017, President Trump has stated his intention to "destroy" the Syria- and Iraq-based insurgent terrorist group known as the Islamic State (IS, also known as ISIL, ISIS, or the Arabic acronym Da'esh), and the President has ordered actions to "accelerate" U.S. military efforts against the group in both countries. In late March, senior U.S. officials signaled that the United States would prioritize the fight against the Islamic State and said that Syrian President Bashar al Asad's future would be determined by the Syrian people. Senior members of the Trump Administration have spoken critically of Asad's leadership but call for de-escalation of the underlying conflict and a negotiated settlement, rather than seeking to compel Asad's departure from power.
Author |
: Congressional Research Service (US) |
Publisher |
: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
Total Pages |
: 44 |
Release |
: 2017-08-03 |
ISBN-10 |
: 197422127X |
ISBN-13 |
: 9781974221271 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (7X Downloads) |
Synopsis Armed Conflict in Syria by : Congressional Research Service (US)
A deadly chemical weapons attack in Syria on April 4, 2017, and a U.S. military strike in response on April 6 returned the Syrian civil war-now in its seventh year-to the forefront of international attention. In response to the April 4 attack, some Members of Congress called for the United States to conduct a punitive military operation. These Members and some others since have praised President Trump's decision to launch a limited strike, although some also have called on the President to consult with Congress about Syria strategy. Other Members have questioned the President's authority to launch the strike in the absence of specific prior authorization from Congress. In the past, some in Congress have expressed concern about the international and domestic authorizations for such strikes, their potential unintended consequences, and the possibility of undesirable or unavoidable escalation. Since taking office in January 2017, President Trump has stated his intention to "destroy" the Syria- and Iraq-based insurgent terrorist group known as the Islamic State (IS, also known as ISIL, ISIS, or the Arabic acronym Da'esh), and the President has ordered actions to "accelerate" U.S. military efforts against the group in both countries. In late March, senior U.S. officials signaled that the United States would prioritize the fight against the Islamic State and said that Syrian President Bashar al Asad's future would be determined by the Syrian people. Nevertheless, following the April 4 attack, President Trump and senior members of his Administration have spoken more critically of Asad's leadership, and it remains to be seen whether the United States will more directly seek to compel Asad's departure from power while pursuing the ongoing campaign against the Islamic State.
Author |
: Nikolaos Van Dam |
Publisher |
: Bloomsbury Publishing |
Total Pages |
: 208 |
Release |
: 2017-07-30 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781786722485 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1786722488 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (85 Downloads) |
Synopsis Destroying a Nation by : Nikolaos Van Dam
Following the Arab Spring, Syria descended into civil and sectarian conflict. It has since become a fractured warzone which operates as a breeding ground for new terrorist movements including ISIS as well as the root cause of the greatest refugee crisis in modern history. In this important book, former Special Envoy of the Netherlands to Syria, Nikolaos van Dam, explains the recent history of Syria, covering the growing disenchantment with the Asad regime, the chaos of civil war and the fractures which led to an immense amount of destruction in the refined social fabric of what used to be the Syrian nation. Through an in-depth examination, van Dam traces political developments within the Asad regime and the various opposition groups from the Arab Spring to the present day, and provides a deeper insight into the conflict and the possibilities and obstacles for reaching a political solution.
Author |
: Christopher M. Blanchard |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 49 |
Release |
: 2019 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:1274029425 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (25 Downloads) |
Synopsis Armed Conflict in Syria by : Christopher M. Blanchard
Author |
: Congressional Service |
Publisher |
: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
Total Pages |
: 46 |
Release |
: 2018-03-10 |
ISBN-10 |
: 1986397858 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9781986397858 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (58 Downloads) |
Synopsis Armed Conflict in Syria by : Congressional Service
The Syria conflict, now in its seventh year, remains a significant policy challenge for the United States. U.S. policy toward Syria in the past several years has given highest priority to counterterrorism operations against the Islamic State (IS, also known as ISIL/ISIS), but also included assistance to opposition-held communities, support for diplomatic efforts to reach a political settlement to the civil war, and the provision of humanitarian assistance in Syria and surrounding countries. The counter-IS campaign works primarily "by, with, and through" local partners, per a broader U.S. strategy initiated by the Obama Administration and continued with modifications by the Trump Administration. The United States has simultaneously advocated for a political track to reach a negotiated settlement between the government of Syrian President Bashar al Asad and opposition forces, within the framework of U.N.-mediated talks in Geneva. For a brief conflict summary, see Figure 2. Since the recapture of the Islamic State's self-proclaimed capital at Raqqah by U.S.-backed forces in October 2017, Trump Administration officials have reemphasized that the United States is entering a "new phase" that will focus on "de-escalating violence overall in Syria through a combination of ceasefires and de-escalation areas." These efforts are designed to create the conditions for a national-level political process ultimately culminating in a new constitution and U.N.-supervised elections. In January 2018, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson laid out the Administration's policy for future U.S. involvement in Syria, stating that the United States intends to maintain a military presence there to prevent a resurgence by the Islamic State. To date, the United States has directed nearly $7.7 billion toward Syria-related humanitarian assistance, and Congress has appropriated billions more to support security and stabilization initiatives in Syria and in neighboring countries. The Defense Department has not disaggregated the costs of military operations in Syria from the overall cost of Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR), which has reached over $18.5 billion. The executive branch has reprogrammed or requested more than $2.2 billion to train, equip, advise, and assist vetted Syrians as part of a specially authorized program in place since late 2014. Congress also has debated proposals to authorize or restrict the use of military force against the Islamic State and in response to Syrian government chemical weapons attacks, but has not enacted any Syria-specific use of force authorizations. Looking forward, policymakers may consider questions regarding the purpose, scope, and duration of the U.S. military presence in Syria, the effectiveness of U.S. cooperation with Russia, post-Islamic State governance and reconstruction, as well as the challenges of reaching a political settlement between the Asad government and a broad spectrum of armed and political opposition actors.
Author |
: Congressional Research Congressional Research Service |
Publisher |
: CreateSpace |
Total Pages |
: 30 |
Release |
: 2015-01-01 |
ISBN-10 |
: 1505299276 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9781505299274 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (76 Downloads) |
Synopsis Armed Conflict in Syria by : Congressional Research Congressional Research Service
Fighting continues across Syria, pitting government forces and their foreign allies against a range of anti-government insurgents, some of whom also are fighting amongst themselves. Since March 2011, the conflict has driven more than 2.8 million Syrians into neighboring countries as refugees (out of a total population of more than 22 million). Millions more Syrians are internally displaced and in need of humanitarian assistance, of which the United States remains the largest bilateral provider, with more than $2 billion in funding identified to date. The United States also has allocated a total of $287 million to date to provide nonlethal assistance to select groups.
Author |
: Robert E. Hamilton |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: |
Release |
: 2020-10-15 |
ISBN-10 |
: 0910191131 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9780910191135 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (31 Downloads) |
Synopsis Russia's War in Syria by : Robert E. Hamilton
Edited volume