The Salem Limestone crops out in the bluffs and tributary valleys of the Mississippi River in Monroe and adjacent parts of Randolph and St. Clair counties in southwestern Illinois ... It has been known for some time that limestone beds of highly diverse character constitute the Salem Formation in this area but the stratigraphic succession and continuity of these beds have not been known in detail. The character and variation in the depositional environments of Salem time have likewise received little attention. This investigation covers the stratigraphy of the Salem Formation which is herewith subdivided into four members. It has likewise been directed to a detailed evaluation of the petrology and depositional conditions of the Salem Limestone and thus contributes to the broader field of carbonate rock formation as a whole.

The Shelburne Marble and the Salem Limestone have been used extensively in buildings and monuments, and for this reason they were selected as test stones for the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program stone exposure studies. Mineralogical characterization of fresh Shelburne Marble and fresh Salem Limestone provides a basis for recognizing mineralogical changes that may occur in samples when they are weathered.

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