The theory of plithogeny developed by Smarandache is described as a more generalized form of representing sets of different nature such as crisp, fuzzy, intuitionistic and neutrosophic. Plithogenic set comprises degree of appurtenance and contradiction degree with respect only to the dominant attribute. This paper introduces extended plithogenic sets comprising degrees of appurtenance and contradiction with respect to both dominant and recessive attributes. The extension of the 5-tuple Plithogenic sets to a 7- tuple plithogenic sets helps in developing a more comprehensive kind of Plithogenic sociogram. The newly developed plithogenic sets and its implications in Plithogenic sociogram is validated by the decision making problem on food processing industries. The obtained results using extended plithogenic sets are more promising in comparison to the conventional plithogenic sets. The proposed kind of plithogenic sets will benefit the decision makers to make optimal decisions based on both optimistic and pessimistic approaches.

This paper introduces the concepts of Plithogenic Sociogram (PS) and Plithogenic Number (PN) where the former is the integration of plithogeny to the sociometric technique of sociogram and the latter is the generalization of fuzzy, intuitionistic and neutrosophic numbers that shall be used in representations of preferences in group dynamics. This research work outlines the conceptual development of these two newly proposed concepts and discusses the merits of the existing theory of similar kind with suitable substantiation.

This tenth volume of Collected Papers includes 86 papers in English and Spanish languages comprising 972 pages, written between 2014-2022 by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 105 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 26 countries: Abu Sufian, Ali Hassan, Ali Safaa Sadiq, Anirudha Ghosh, Assia Bakali, Atiqe Ur Rahman, Laura Bogdan, Willem K.M. Brauers, Erick González Caballero, Fausto Cavallaro, Gavrilă Calefariu, T. Chalapathi, Victor Christianto, Mihaela Colhon, Sergiu Boris Cononovici, Mamoni Dhar, Irfan Deli, Rebeca Escobar-Jara, Alexandru Gal, N. Gandotra, Sudipta Gayen, Vassilis C. Gerogiannis, Noel Batista Hernández, Hongnian Yu, Hongbo Wang, Mihaiela Iliescu, F. Nirmala Irudayam, Sripati Jha, Darjan Karabašević, T. Katican, Bakhtawar Ali Khan, Hina Khan, Volodymyr Krasnoholovets, R. Kiran Kumar, Manoranjan Kumar Singh, Ranjan Kumar, M. Lathamaheswari, Yasar Mahmood, Nivetha Martin, Adrian Mărgean, Octavian Melinte, Mingcong Deng, Marcel Migdalovici, Monika Moga, Sana Moin, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Mohamed Elhoseny, Rehab Mohamed, Mohamed Talea, Kalyan Mondal, Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Aslam Malik, Muhammad Ihsan, Muhammad Naveed Jafar, Muhammad Rayees Ahmad, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Saqlain, Muhammad Shabir, Mujahid Abbas, Mumtaz Ali, Radu I. Munteanu, Ghulam Murtaza, Munazza Naz, Tahsin Oner, ‪Gabrijela Popović, Surapati Pramanik, R. Priya, S.P. Priyadharshini, Midha Qayyum, Quang-Thinh Bui, Shazia Rana, Akbara Rezaei, Jesús Estupiñán Ricardo, Rıdvan Sahin, Saeeda Mirvakili, Said Broumi, A. A. Salama, Flavius Aurelian Sârbu, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Javid Shabbir, Shio Gai Quek, Son Hoang Le, Florentin Smarandache, Dragiša Stanujkić, S. Sudha, Taha Yasin Ozturk, Zaigham Tahir, The Houw Iong, Ayse Topal, Alptekin Ulutaș, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vázquez, Rizha Vitania, Luige Vlădăreanu, Victor Vlădăreanu, Ștefan Vlăduțescu, J. Vimala, Dan Valeriu Voinea, Adem Yolcu, Yongfei Feng, Abd El-Nasser H. Zaied, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas.

“Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc. Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy that studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. This theory considers every notion or idea together with its opposite or negation and with their spectrum of neutralities in between them (i.e. notions or ideas supporting neither nor ). The and ideas together are referred to as . Neutrosophy is a generalization of Hegel's dialectics (the last one is based on and only). According to this theory every idea tends to be neutralized and balanced by and ideas - as a state of equilibrium. In a classical way , , are disjoint two by two. But, since in many cases the borders between notions are vague, imprecise, Sorites, it is possible that , , (and of course) have common parts two by two, or even all three of them as well. Neutrosophic Set and Neutrosophic Logic are generalizations of the fuzzy set and respectively fuzzy logic (especially of intuitionistic fuzzy set and respectively intuitionistic fuzzy logic).

In the rising information technology trends, cost, time, delivery, space, quality, durability, and price are all paramount in addressing managerial decision-making complexities within the supply chain, transportation, and inventory control. The intensifying competition within imprecise environments further complicates these challenges. Customer demand, influenced by multifaceted factors such as production price and income levels, often remains elusive or unpredictable in the real-world market. Fuzzy sets, while useful, need to catch up in directly capturing such uncertainties due to their numeric membership functions. Multi-Criteria Decision Making Models and Techniques: Neutrosophic Approaches explores the neutrosophic sets as a solution, uniquely poised to accommodate inherent uncertainties. Neutrosophic sets and logic are evolutionary extensions of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy sets and logic. In real-world problems, these diverse uncertain systems demonstrate a capability to manage heightened levels of uncertainty. This book delves into the burgeoning field of neutrosophic theory, elucidating its application in operations research. Neutrosophic sets and logic have emerged as pivotal tools in grappling with uncertainty, impreciseness, vagueness, incompleteness, inconsistency, and indeterminacy.

In 1995, Smarandache initiated the theory of neutrosophic set as new mathematical tool for handling problems involving imprecise, indeterminacy, and inconsistent data. Molodtsov initiated the theory of soft set as a new mathematical tool for dealing with uncertainties, which traditional mathematical tools cannot handle. He has showed several applications of this theory for solving many practical problems in economics, engineering, social science, medical science, etc.

Plithogenic sets introduced by Smarandache (2018) have disclosed new research vistas and this paper introduces the novel concept of plithogenic cognitive maps (PCM) and its applications in decision making. The new approach of defining instantaneous state neutrosophic vector with the confinement of indeterminacy to (0,1] is proposed to quantify the degree of indeterminacy.

We introduce for the first time the concept of plithogeny in philosophy and, as a derivative, the concepts of plithogenic set / logic / probability / statistics in mathematics and engineering – and the degrees of contradiction (dissimilarity) between the attributes’ values that contribute to a more accurate construction of plithogenic aggregation operators and to the plithogenic relationship of inclusion (partial ordering).

This book is an updating of Food Packaging and Preservation, Theory and Practice published in 1986 by Elsevier Applied Science. Since that date, many things have changed in the world. Hence the name given to the first IFTEC meeting held at the Hague (NL), November 15-18, 1992 Food Technology for a Changing World. Is the world changing for better or worse and what can food technology improve? The keynote lecture of the IFTEC meeting dealt with hunger and the challenge it represents to food science and technology. In the preface to the 1986 book it was suggested that food packaging could solve some of the problems of crop preservation in countries where starvation is prevalent. However, such thoughts did not solve any problems. The famine is still spreading in Africa. The unbalanced north-south situation evoked in the 1986 preface has not improved. The international market of foods and agricultural products is constantly changing and food packaging scientists can only explore new ways to help cope with this. Some of these ideas are approached in this book, particularly in chapters 9, 10 and 12.