The effluent and sewage sludge from municipal and industrial treatment plants is a source of water and nutrients for agricultural uses. Considering its potential, only a few instances of agricultural uses of waste water in crop production have been recorded. Most of the literature on this subject is by scientists in the sewage disposal field. This report brings together about 300 annotated references on the agricultural uses of sewage effluents and sludge. Such uses aid crop production, but also make use of water that would have been wasted, decrease the pollutant load on the receiving streams, and preserve the normal stream flow for downstream uses.

In many parts of the world, groundwater resources are under increasing threat from growing demands, wasteful use, and contamination. To face the challenge, good planning and management practices are needed. A key to the management of groundwater is the ability to model the movement of fluids and contaminants in the subsurface. The purpose of this book is to construct conceptual and mathematical models that can provide the information required for making decisions associated with the management of groundwater resources, and the remediation of contaminated aquifers. The basic approach of this book is to accurately describe the underlying physics of groundwater flow and solute transport in heterogeneous porous media, starting at the microscopic level, and to rigorously derive their mathematical representation at the macroscopic levels. The well-posed, macroscopic mathematical models are formulated for saturated, single phase flow, as well as for unsaturated and multiphase flow, and for the transport of single and multiple chemical species. Numerical models are presented and computer codes are reviewed, as tools for solving the models. The problem of seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers is examined and modeled. The issues of uncertainty in model input data and output are addressed. The book concludes with a chapter on the management of groundwater resources. Although one of the main objectives of this book is to construct mathematical models, the amount of mathematics required is kept minimal.

This manual has been developed based on experience which was derived from engineering judgment and applied theory. Its purpose is to provide the information necessary to evaluate for feasibility, as well as to plan and design, surface and subsurface infiltration systems or combination systems that can be incorporated into the overall drainage scheme of a particular transportation facility, street system, or commercial development. Basic criteria are presented with examples cited to assist the designer in selecting an appropriate system.