The United States' government's role and power in punishing its citizens has swelled considerably since the 1970s. The prison population is now five times what it was 35 years ago, and other government interventions, such as the use of stop-and-frisk, are expanding. Such changes in the criminal justice system have not been met with an examination of the criminal justice system's effects on civic life and political participation. This volume of The ANNALS fills this gap, by exploring the impacts of the heightened police state on the civic and political life of minority and low-income citizens. The authors of this volume analyze how the state's increased criminal sanctions have advanced inequality, and explore issues of legitimacy and citizenship for individuals and communities. By shifting the conversation from how politics affect punishment to how punishment affects politics, this volume provides a nuanced lens for examining the consequences of our current criminal justice framework. http://www.aapss.org Publisher's note.

Excerpt from Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 2: Issued Bi-Monthly; July, 1891-June, 1892 A new Congress was installed on the 7th of November, 1823, and on the 3d of December it began the discussion of a project for a fundamental law, which was approved January 31, 1824, and in thirty-six articles contained the basis of the future political Constitution. Through the adoption of this Constitution the nation acquired a popular representative, federal, republican government. But this was only a provisional government, and was set aside on the adoption of the definitive Constitution of 1824, which in many particulars was a Copy of the Constitution of the United States. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.