The Jats represent an ethnic community that has inhabited the northwest region of the Indian subcontinent (both in India and Pakistan) for several thousand years. This book is about the ancient origins of these people long before history books were written.

Jats, Rajputs, Ahirs, Gujjars, Baloches And Pathans Are The Descendants Of Foreign Nomadic Tribes Such As Scythians, Ahiras, Huns, Yueh-Ches, Kushans And Turks Respectively Who Invaded India Frequently From The 7Th Century B.C. These Nomadic Tribes Were The Inhabitants Of Siberia, Eastern Europe And Western China. They Entered India As Invaders But Ultimately, They Assimilated Into The Indian Civilization, Embraced Its Religions And Settled Peacefully In India.Most Of The Anthropologists Who Have Written About The Dynastic Histories Of The People Of Panjab Have Not Included The Accounts Of Scheduled Castes Dalits, Harijans, Etc. Despite The Fact That They Are Also The Descendants Of The Invading Hordes Like The Other People Of India, And Have The Same Characteristics Of So-Called Privileged Classes. After The Achievement Of India S Independence They Started Enjoying Equal Rights In Every Sphere Of Life. Some Of Them Have Gone Ahead Of Their Fellows In Various Fields Politics, Education, Sports, Judiciary, Etc. And Have Produced Famous Personalities Like Baba Saheb Ambedkar, K.R. Narayanan And Many Others.Primarily Endogamous Communities, Calling Themselves As Jatt, Jat, Getae Or Zutt, Lived Predominantly In Large Parts Of Northern And North-Western India And In Southern And Eastern Parts, Now In Pakistan. They Were Either Sedentic Farmers Or Nomadic Pastoralists.The Book Brings Forth Various Facets Of Origins And History Of All These Classes. References And Text Have Been Painstakingly Collected From Various Authentic Sources. It Will Be Highly Useful For Students, Teachers Of History And Sociology And Researchers In Those Fields. Common Readers Interested In Knowing About The Origins And History Of Jats And Other Nomadic Tribes Of India Will Also Find It Interesting And Informative.

It's natural to want to know where you come from. But the answer to that question goes beyond your parents or grandparents. With the aid of today's science and technology, as well as the wealth of historical and anthropological information available, discovering your roots can become a profound journey into the distant past. After seeing the ancestry results of his DNA analysis, author David Mahal was drawn to research further into his Indian subcontinent roots. What he discovered was a rich history of people from diverse cultures, languages, and religions that, for all their differences, are still genetically linked. Mirroring his multifaceted subject matter, Before India is a fascinating, well-researched amalgamation of genres-part genealogical guide, part ethnic history, part science exposé-that draws a more holistic picture of ancestry by combining these varied insights. Exploring topics such as the origin of our planet and human evolution, as well as how DNA analysis is used to trace deep ancestry, this distinctive guide provides both a robust explanation of genealogy and penetrating insight into India's colorful tapestry of unique ethnic groups. While this easy-to-read text is a particularly perfect launching point for people whose ancestry ties them to the Indian subcontinent, any reader will benefit from Mahal's thorough suggestions on how to trace your lineage to an ancestral group going back thousands of years. The book includes a research study of the ancestral origins of several key ethnic communities in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, along with some communities of Indian and Pakistani origin in Singapore, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom.

David A. Scott provides a detailed introduction to the structure and morphology of ancient and historic metallic materials. Much of the scientific research on this important topic has been inaccessible, scattered throughout the international literature, or unpublished; this volume, although not exhaustive in its coverage, fills an important need by assembling much of this information in a single source. Jointly published by the GCI and the J. Paul Getty Museum, the book deals with many practical matters relating to the mounting, preparation, etching, polishing, and microscopy of metallic samples and includes an account of the way in which phase diagrams can be used to assist in structural interpretation. The text is supplemented by an extensive number of microstructural studies carried out in the laboratory on ancient and historic metals. The student beginning the study of metallic materials and the conservation scientist who wishes to carry out structural studies of metallic objects of art will find this publication quite useful.