In this book, advanced steel technologies mainly developed at the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan, for structure control, mechanical properties, and the related mechanisms are introduced and discussed. NIMS has long worked on developing advanced steel techniques, namely, producing advanced steels by using only simple alloying elements such as carbon, manganese, and silicon, and also by utilizing steel scrap. The hope is that this approach will lead to a technology of a so-called steel-to-steel recycling process, with the ultimate goal of a recycling process such as an automotive-steel-to-automotive-steel recycling process to take the place of the current cascade-type recycling system. The main idea is to utilize ultra-grain refining structures and hetero structures as well as martensite structures. In particular, the focus of this book is on tensile strength and toughness of advanced steels from both the fundamental and engineering points of view. Fundamentally, a unique approach to analysis is taken, based on fracture surface energy as effective grain size is employed to better understand the mechanism of property improvement. From the engineering point of view, in fracture toughness such factors as crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) of advanced steels are evaluated in comparison with those of conventional steels.

This book discusses results of the New Generation Iron and Steel Materials research project funded over the last ten years. It thoroughly describes theoretical achievements in ultra-fine grain steel and its refinement. It also discusses progress in related areas of engineering and technology. The author has been engaged in the research of new generation structural materials for the last twelve years being Chief Scientist of three national research programs in China.

The Leeds-Lyon symposia have well established themselves in the tribological calendar. Industrial progress requires a better understanding of interfacial phenomena than now exists and it is exciting to see that the topics addressed in these proceedings volumes are at the forefront of progress in tribological research. These proceedings contain 61 papers written by authors from all over the world, covering the entire spectrum of wear particles. Of particular interest is the detailed consideration of a wide range of particle formations and detachments, as well as a close look at the physics and chemistry of the wear of mechanisms, together with other in-depth state-of-the-art analytical contributions.

This book is a collection of 13 chapters divided into seven sections: Section I: "General Foundations of the Stress Field and Toughness" with one chapter, Section II: "Fractography and Impact Analysis" with two chapters, Section III: "Toughness Fracture" with three chapters, Section IV: "Fracture Behavior" with two chapters, Section V: "Natural and Hydraulic Fractures" with two chapters, section VI: "Fatigue" with one chapter and Section VII: "Fracture Biomaterials and compatible" with two chapters. This book covers a wide range of application of fracture mechanics in materials science, engineering, rock prospecting, dentistry and medicine. The book is aimed towards materials scientists, metallurgists, mechanical and civil engineers, doctors and dentists and can also be well used in education, research and industry.

The book covers all types of advanced high strength steels ranging from dual-phase, TRIP. Complex phase, martensitic, TWIP steels to third generation steels, including promising candidates as carbide free bainitic steels, med Mn and Quenching & Partitioning processed steels. The author presents fundamentals of physical metallurgy of key features of structure and relationship of structure constituents with mechanical properties as well as basics of processing AHSS starting from most important features of intercritical heat treatment, with focus on critical phase transformations and influence of alloying and microalloying. This book intends to summarize the existing knowledge to show how it can be utilized for optimization and adaption of steel composition, processing, and for additional improvement of steel properties that should be recommended to engineering personal of steel designers, producers and end users of AHSS as well as to students of colleges and Universities who deal with materials for auto industry.

The NUMISHEET conference series is the most significant international conference on the area of the numerical simulation of sheet metal forming processes. It gathers the most prominent experts in numerical methods in sheet forming processes and is an outstanding forum for the exchange of ideas and for the discussion of technologies related to sheet metal forming processes. Topics covered in this volume include but are not limited to the following: Materials Modeling and Experimental Testing Methods Friction and Contact Formability, Necking, and Fracture Instabilities and Surface Defects Fracture and Damage Numerical Methods Springback Incremental Sheet Forming Roll Forming Innovative Forming Methods Product and Process Design and Optimization

Toughening Mechanisms in Composite Materials aims to provide a comprehensive and technically detailed coverage of composites and their toughening mechanisms. Unique in its direct and comprehensive approach, the book presents fundamental knowledge on composites' toughening mechanisms as well as a comprehensive treatment of numerical methods. This volume summarizes the current state-of-the-art and presents the most recent research outcomes in the field. It details the development of each of the techniques, beginning with basic principles, and new concepts are illustrated with examples wherever possible. - Covers particle-reinforced composites, fibre-reinforced composites and other toughening mechanisms - Analyses toughening mechanisms in a broad range of composite materials - Developments in nanotube toughened composites and toughened graphene ceramic composites are examined